Judicial restraint

Judicial restraint

Judicial restraint is a theory of judicial interpretation that encourages judges to limit the exercise of their own power. It asserts that judges should hesitate to strike down laws unless they are obviously unconstitutional. [http://www.bartleby.com/59/14/judicialrest.html] It is sometimes regarded as the opposite of judicial activism.

In deciding questions of constitutional law, judicially-restrained jurists go to great lengths to defer to the legislature. Judicial restraint requires the judge to uphold a law whenever possible. Former Associate Justice Felix Frankfurter, a Democrat appointed by Franklin Roosevelt, is generally seen as the "model of judicial restraint." [A Justice for All, by Kim Isaac Eisler, page 11; ISBN 0-671-76787-9]

Judicially-restrained judges respect stare decisis, the principle of upholding established precedent handed down by past judges. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,961645-6,00.html] When the late Chief Justice Rehnquist overturned some of the precedents of the Warren Court, he was not following the theory of judicial restraint. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,961645-6,00.html]

Related theories

Minimalism

Judicial minimalists argue that judges should put great emphasis on adherence to "stare decisis" and precedent. Minimalists argue that judges should make only minor, incremental changes to constitutional law in order to maintain that stability. They ask judges to do this by creating small, case-specific rulings rather than broad, sweeping rulings.

Political question doctrine

The political question doctrine encourages courts to decline to rule in certain categories of controversial cases. Under this theory, a court acknowledges that the Constitution might have been violated but declines to act. It is often described as a type of judicial restraint, although it can be considered a form of judicial activism against plaintiffs whose rights have been violated and find their cases dismissed.

ee also

*Judicial activism
*Separation of powers
*Luther v. Borden - sometimes called the first instance of judicial restraint

References


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • judicial restraint — n: a refraining in the judiciary from departure from precedent and the formulation of broad doctrine compare judicial activism Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996 …   Law dictionary

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  • judicial activism —    Judicial activism involves the courts taking a broad and active view of their role as interpreters of the constitution and reviewers of executive and legislative action. Judges are willing to venture beyond making narrow legal decisions and… …   Glossary of UK Government and Politics

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