Pen-y-garn, Ceredigion

Infobox UK place
official_name=Pen-y-garn
static_

static_image_caption=Pen-y-garn, looking south towards Bow Street
country=Wales
population=1,888 [Total population of Tirymynach (cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=5939234&c=Tirymynach&d=14&e=16&g=415914&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1203943803296&enc=1|title=Census, 2001)]
os_grid_reference= SN6285
latitude=52.449722
longitude=-4.022778
post_town=BOW STREET
postcode_area=SY
postcode_district=SY23
dial_code=01970
unitary_wales = Ceredigion
lieutenancy_wales = Dyfed
constituency_westminster = Ceredigion
civil_parish=
welsh_name=
constituency_welsh_assembly=
language=British English
language1=Welsh (68.8% of population) [Population of Tirymynach with some knowledge of Welsh (cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=5939234&c=Tirymynach&d=14&e=16&g=415914&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1203944036031&enc=1&dsFamilyId=93|title=Census, 2001)]

Pen-y-garn is a small village in the Tirymynach district of Ceredigion, Wales, approximately 4 miles (6 km) north-east of Aberystwyth. [Davies, Elwyn, "Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd/A Gazetteer of Welsh Place-Names" (Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru/University of Wales Press, Caerdydd/Cardiff, 1958), p. 96] Along with the hamlet of Rhydypennau, Pen-y-garn is now often considered to be part of the neighbouring larger village of Bow Street. All three places stretch in a long narrow strip along the main Aberystwyth to Machynlleth road (A487). As well as the houses on the main road from Cross Street (Y Lon Groes) up to Ysgol Rhydypennau, Pen-y-garn also includes the housing estates of Maes Ceiro, Bryn Meillion, Maes y Garn and Cae'r Odyn.

History

Etymology

Pen-y-garn ('head of the cairn') derives its name from its proximity to a former Bronze Age cairn known as Carn Maelgwyn, which is believed to have once stood near the present Capel y Garn somewhere in the vicinity of what is now Maes Ceiro (formerly known as Cae Dôlmaelgwyn). [Jones, Vernon, 'Pen-y-Garn', "Y Tincer", Rhif 16, Chwefror 1978] The cairn is remembered in the house names of 'Maelgwyn House' and 'Llys Maelgwyn'. It appears to have been destroyed in the eighteenth-century, when its stone seems to have been plundered for work on the nearby Turnpike road (now represented by the A487).

Archaeology

On the hill overlooking Pen-y-garn, called Foel Goch, is Caergywydd farm. John Graham Williams claimed that the hill was the site of a small hillfort connected with the larger nearby Iron Age hillfort of Hen Gaer. [Williams, J. G., "A Short Account of the British Encampments Lying Between the Rivers Rheidol & Llyfnant in the County of Cardigan, and their connection with the Mines" (Aberystwyth 1866); Williams, J. G., ‘Ancient Encampments Near Aberystwyth, Read at Machynlleth, 1866’, "Archaeologia Cambrensis: The Journal of the Cambrian Archaeological Association", Vol. XIII, Third Series, No. LI, July 1867.] But his claims with regard to this have not been substantiated, and appear to be based solely on the name of the farm and its position, as well as a misplaced belief that the first element of this was the Welsh word ‘caer’ meaning ‘a fort’. However the earliest available attestations of the farm name are in the form ‘Cae’r Gowydd’, where the words ‘cae’r’ means ‘the field’ and not ‘a fort’. Neither was the original farm on its present location. Rather it was actually some distance down the slopes of the hill on the north side of the Aberystwyth to Machynlleth road, near to Bow Street brook, and its name is probably connected with this location instead of that of the current farmhouse. ["Enwau’r Tri Phentrefan: Sef Casgliad o Enwau Ardal Bow Street, Pen-y-Garn a Rhydypennau; gyda’u hanesion a’u tarddiadau."]

Religious Buildings

At the heart of Pen-y-garn is a Calvinistic Methodist chapel called 'Capel y Garn'. Evan Richardson, teacher John Elias and Hugh Owen were the first Nonconformists or dissenters to preach in the area in about 1780. A chapel was first erected in 1793, and a new chapel was built on the site in 1833 after the congregation grew too large.

ervices

Pen-y-garn has a butcher's shop (formerly I. O. Thomas but now called Bow Street Butchery), and a fish and chip shop (recently taken over by new owners, and renamed 'Greenfield Fish & Chips', it now offers Chinese takeaway food as well).

The present Ysgol Rhydypennau is actually located in Pen-y-garn, though the old Rhydypennau school building overlooks nearby Rhydypennau.

Notable residents

*Dewi Morgan (1877-1971), bard, scholar and journalist
*Tom Macdonald (1900-80), journalist and novelist

References

Bibliography

* ISBN 0333-17975-7

External links

* [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/mapsheet.aspx?compid=55182&sheetid=1320&ox=0&oy=0&zm=1&czm=10&x=120&y=62 1891 First Ed. 6” Ordnance Survey Map showing "Pen Garn"]
* [http://www.capelygarn.org/saesneg.php Capel y Garn website]
* [http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/19674 Photograph of Capel y Garn]
* [http://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=3091216 www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Pen-y-garn and surrounding area]