USS Huron (ID-1408)

USS "Huron" (ID-1408) was a United States Navy transport ship during World War I. She was formerly the Norddeutscher Lloyd liner SS "Friedrich Der Grosse" (or "Friedrich Der Große") built in 1896 that sailed Atlantic routes. At the outset of World War I the ship was interned by the United States and, when that country entered the conflict in 1917, was seized and converted to a troop transport.

Originally commissioned as USS "Fredrick Der Grosse", the ship was renamed "Huron" — after Lake Huron, the center lake of the Great Lakes — while undergoing repairs and conversion at a U.S. Navy yard. The ship carried almost 21,000 men to France during the hostilities, and returned over 22,000 healthy and wounded men after the Armistice.Gleaves, p. 247]

After decommissioning by the U.S. Navy, the ship was turned over to the United States Shipping Board and was later transferred to the United States Mail Steamship Company for whom she sailed in the Atlantic as SS "Huron". In May 1922 the ship was allocated to the Los Angeles Steamship Co. and renamed SS "City of Honolulu". The ship caught fire on 12 October 1922 during her maiden voyage, and sank with no loss of life.

History

"Friedrich Der Grosse"

SS "Friedrich Der Grosse" (or "Friedrich Der Große") was built in 1896 by Vulcan Shipbuilding Corp. of Stettin, Germany, and sailed the Atlantic for North German Lloyd until being interned in New York Harbor in 1914.

On 27 July 1900, the deck of "Friedrich Der Grosse" was the site of Kaiser Wilhelm II’s famous "" speech in which he compared the military of the German Empire to the Huns.cite news | title = HISTORIC SHIPS TO PLY AGAIN | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 1922-08-21 | page = II8 ]

U.S. Navy transport

The United States Government interned these ships wherever they had put into port, and upon the entrance of the United States into the hostilities on the side of the Allied and Associated Powers — on 6 April 1917 — took them over and assigned them to the United States Shipping Board (USSB). U.S. Customs agents boarded "Friedrich Der Grosse" in the port of New York, along with 30 other German and Austro-Hungarian vessels, and sent their crews to an internment camp on Ellis Island. However, before these sailors left their ships, they carried out a program of systematic destruction calculated to take the longest possible time to repair.cite DANFS | title = Aeolus | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/a3/aeolus-i.htm | short = on ]

"Friederich der Grosse" was taken to Robbins Drydock Co. in Brooklyn for repairs. The USSB then turned the ship over to the U.S. Navy, and she commissioned at New York Navy Yard 25 July 1917 as "Fredrick Der Grosse". The ship, Comdr. S. H. R. Doyle in command, was renamed "Huron" 1 September 1917 after the center lake of the Great Lakes.

"Huron" acted as a troop transport during the remaining years of the war. During the beginning of one voyage to France. "Huron", in convoy, departed Hoboken on 23 April 1918. Two days out, a steering gear casualty in the transport USS|Siboney|ID-2999|2 forced that ship to leave her assigned place in the formation. To avoid collision with "Siboney", transport USS|Aeolus|ID-3005|2 altered course radically and in so doing struck "Huron" at about 21:00 hours, 25 April. Fortunately, no lives were lost; but both transports were damaged which necessitated their turning back.

While the signing of the armistice of 11 November 1918 signalled the end of hostilities it only meant the beginning of the task of returning American troops from "over there". During the war, "Huron" had transported 20,871 men to the European battlefront in her eight voyages. In the postwar months, "Huron" conducted a further seven turn-around voyages, bringing back some 20,582 healthy veterans, and some 1,546 wounded and sick. "Huron" reached New York City on 23 August and decommissioned 2 September for return to the USSB.

Post-war service

Huron operated on Atlantic South American routes for the United States Mail Steamship Company from 1920 to 1922. Renamed "City of Honolulu" in May 1922, she was turned over to the Los Angeles Steamship Co. for passenger service from Los Angeles to Honolulu.

After departing on her maiden voyage, the ship caught fire around 05:30 on 12 October 1922 at position coord|31|07|N|131|40|W|display=inline, some convert|670|mi from Los Angeles. The captain ordered everyone to the lifeboats after it became apparent that the fire could not be brought under control. None of the passengers or crew were killed or seriously injuried during either the firefighting attempts or the orderly evacuation of the liner.cite news | title = SEA FIRE REFUGEES ON WAY TO BAY CITY TODAY | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 1922-10-13 | page = I1 ] cite news | title = Rescue in Midocean Averts Huge Sea Tragedy; No Lives Lost as Passengers Leave Ship | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 1922-10-13 | page = I7 ] The passengers were rescued by freighter "West Faralon", the first ship on the scene, but transferred to United States Army transport ship "Thomas" for return to Los Angeles.cite news | title = GREAT THRONG TO GREET HONOLULU'S PASSENGERS | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 1922-10-16 | page = I1 ]

United States Coast Guard Cutter USCGC|Shawnee|WAT-54|2 and tug "Tamaroa" were dispatched to either tow or sink the hulk of "City of Honolulu". When towing proved to be impossible, "Shawnee" fired 25 rounds at the stricken ship and sank it on 17 October 1922 at position coord|32|30|N|129|45|W|display=inline, some convert|185|mi|-1 from the location of her fire.

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