Villa Forni Cerato

The Villa Forni Cerato (Villa Forni-Cerato) is a sixteenth-century villa in Montecchio Precalcino, Italy. Its design is attributed to Andrea Palladio and his client is assumed to have been Girolami Forni, a wealthy wood merchant who supplied building material for a number of the Palladio's projects. The attribution to Palladio is partly on stylistic grounds, although this is a complicated issue - the building departs from the Palladian norms.

History

The villa was probably built in the 1540s modifying an existing building on the site.The double name "Forni-Cerato", which it is always given, dates back to 1610. In that year the building, which belonged to Girolamo Forni who can be regarded as having commissioned it, passed in accordance with a provision in his will into the ownership of Giuseppe, Girolamo and Baldissera Cerato. [ Wundram, Manfred, "Andrea Palladio 1508-1580, Architect between the Renaissance and Baroque", Benedikt Taschen 1993 p.26 ISBN 3-8228-0271-9] Both its attribution to Palladio and the assumption that Girolamo Forni had it built remain a matter of speculation. The first reference to the architect being Palladio is in eighteenth century (when it was mentioned by the architects Francesco Muttoni and Ottavio Bertotti Scamozzi). However, modern research agrees almost unanimously with their opinion. [ Ibid. p.26]

Design

Villa Forni Cerato is relatively small in size. The loggia stands out as the dominant part of the villa on the frontal facade. In a comparable manner to Villa Godi, a flight of steps reaches over the basement and leads up to the loggia, which opens in a serliana. This serliana takes up the entire width of the loggia. The central axis is clearer than at the Villa Godi, partly because of the fenestration. But it is not only in this respect that the Villa Forni Cerato marks a step forward in Palladio's development; for the first time the borders between the various storeys of the facade are clearly visible. Height is structured by the triple rhythm of the cellar storey, piano nobile and mezzanine storey.Although the front serliana appears in a simplified form, a ledge projects from the foundations of the wall at the side of the round arch which leads around the loggia and meets its counterpart, where motifs are concerned, in the upper ends of the windows. A double ledge runs below the windows and connects the loggia organically with the rest of the building. Apart from its structural function, it forms both the upper and lower conclusions of two balusters, which are positioned among the outer pilasters of the serliana. If one also takes into consideration the fact that the balusters visually balance out the outer pilasters of the serliana, then the Villa Forni Cerato appears as a building in which the subordination of individual facade details with regard to the entire facade, which was characteristic of Palladio's later development, is expressed for the first time. [ Ibid. pp 27, 30]

State of Conservation

The body of the building has not undergone any significant changes with the exception of the back, which had a serliana, which was replaced by a balcony. The outline of the rear serliana is still visible. [ Ibid. pp 26-27]

Reliefs on the facade, which were removed in 1924, are recorded by a copperplate engraving by Marco Moro, but are not believed to be original features. The current reliefs, which show river gods, are twentieth-century copies based on Moro's engraving. The same is true of the coat of arms wthin the gable area.Today, the only authentic sculptural decoration appears to be a mask over the round arch of the entrance serliana which is attributed to Allesandrio Vittoria.

In 1996 UNESCO included the building in the World Heritage Site "City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto". [ [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/712] ] The villa is in a poor state of conservation.

Reference

* en [http://www.cisapalladio.org/veneto/scheda.php?sezione=4&architettura=40&lingua=e Villa Forni Cerato] , CISA

See also

Palladian Villas of the Veneto