Qing Dynasty family tree

The following is a simplified family tree for the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China between 1644 and the declaration of the Republic of China on January 1 1912.

Those who became emperor of China are listed in bold, with their years of reign. Nurhaci and Huang Taiji were emperors of the dynasty, which at the time dominated the Manchuria region, but were not emperors of China as a whole; their years of reign over the dynasty are therefore given in brackets. The names given for emperors are reign names, the form by which Qing emperors were most commonly known (with the exception of Puyi, who ruled as the Emperor Xuantong, but was generally known by his given name after his deposition). The imperial family's original Manchu clan name was Aisin Gioro ("the golden clan"). The dynasty was originally titled the Later Jin Dynasty (後金), in reference to its Jurchen origins, by Nurhaci in 1616, but in 1636 Huang Taiji opted to replace this title with the Chinese dynastic title Qing (清), meaning "pure".