Battle of Malta

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Malta
partof=War of the Sicilian Vespers


caption=
date=July 8 1283
place=Grand Harbour, Malta
result=Aragonese victory
combatant1=Crown of Aragon
combatant2=Kingdom of Naples
commander1=Roger of Lauria
commander2=William Cornut
Bartholomew Bonvin
strength1=21 galleys
5,500 men
strength2=27 galleys
7,800 men
casualties1=Unknown
casualties2=10 galleys captured

The naval Battle of Malta took place on 8 July 1283 in the entrance to the Grand Harbour, the principal harbor of Malta, when a galley fleet commanded by Roger of Lauria (Ruggiero di Lauria) defeated a fleet of Angevin galleys commanded by William Cornut and Bartholomew Bonvin. Cornut was killed.

Charles of Salerno, in the absence of his father (Charles I of Naples), had sent the Provençal fleet to relieve the besieged garrison of Malta, which was trapped in the "Castello del Mare" (the "Castle of the Sea", now known as Fort St. Angelo) in Grand Harbour after the inhabitants of Malta had revolted.

di Lauria learnt this and sent his own fleet to support the Maltese. Arriving at night, he made contact with a besieger and sent a sentry boat into the harbor. It reported that the Angevin galleys were beached under the castle walls. di Lauria moved his galleys into line abreast at the entrance to the harbor, silencing the guard boats in the process, and connected his ships together. At about dawn he ordered a trumpet challenge to be sounded. His reason for doing this is not clear. Perhaps he wanted to show the bravery and boldness of his crews, or to prevent anyone from saying he couldn't have won if the enemy hadn't been asleep, but since he later attacked a sleeping enemy, it would seem that he did it to draw the Angevins out to his prepared position. It would've been difficult for him to attack in the confines of the harbor, and he would've lost the element of surprise anyway. Also, beached galleys were almost impossible to defeat in close combat, as they could be continually reinforced from shore.

The Angevin crews rushed to launch their galleys, and they moved out in a disorganized manner. di Lauria first used his Catalan archers, then closed for hand-to-hand combat. Cornut was killed by di Lauria in single combat when he boarded di Lauria's flagship, but Bonvin broke through the line with some galleys and escaped. About 10 galleys were captured.

Ships involved:

Aragon (Roger of Lauria)

probably 22 galleys; possibly as few as 18
4 lignas?
1 tarida?
1 vassellus?

Angevins (Cornut and Bonvin)

about 19 galleys - About 10 captured

References

*cite book |author=DeVries, Kelly |title=Battles of the Medieval World |publisher=Barnes & Noble |location=New York |year= |pages= |isbn=0-7607-7779-9 |oclc= |doi=