- Catoosa Wildlife Management Area
Catoosa Wildlife Management Area is a large game-management area on the Upper
Cumberland Plateau in Morgan and Cumberland counties inTennessee in theUnited States . It comprises 82,000 acres (332 km²) of wild land administered by theTennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA). The Management Area is funded by hunters and fishermen, and is popular with all outdoors enthusiasts, including backpackers, andwhitewater rafters. It has many trails for hiking, of which the most notable is theCumberland Trail . It also has gravel roads and dirt trackfour-wheel drive roads for motorized exploration. Catoosa ranges from gentle rolling hills to some of the most rugged and extreme terrain in the country. Manyriver s andstream s have cut deepcanyon s into the Cumberland Plateau andCumberland Mountains of the Management area allowing for beautiful vistas.Catoosa and several other WMAs are closed to entry between sunset and sunrise in order to reduce the effect of the activities that are considered incompatible to established wildlife management practices. Because WMAs were purchased with funds generated by hunters, the TWRA regards hunting as the main priority on these areas. Off-road vehicles and horses are permitted, but only on certain roads and trails. Overnight camping is allowed on designated areas by permission of the area manager. [Vernon and Cathy Summerlin, "Longstreet Highroad Guide to the Tennessee Mountains" (Marietta, Georgia: Longstreet, 1999) ISBN 1-56352-475-9]
Geography and ecology
The Catoosa WMA lies within the
Emory River drainage, which is divided by a number of major stream drainages, including theObed River ,Daddy's Creek , Clear Creek, and Otter Creek. The Emory River meets the Obed River in the southeast corner of the Area. The terrain is moderately rolling, ranging in elevation from 1,100 feet to 2,300 feet, with deep canyons cut by the streams. [Vernon and Cathy Summerlin, "Longstreet Highroad Guide to the Tennessee Mountains" (Marietta, Georgia: Longstreet, 1999) ISBN 1-56352-475-9]Over 98 percent of the WMA is forested and the wildlife populations have been restored. The healthy
deer herd regularly produces trophy bucks for hunters, and wild turkey numbers are growing fast. Other game animals include European wildboar , fox squirrels,gray squirrel s, ruffed grouse,raccoon s,quail ,rabbit s, and mourning doves. Game fish includesmallmouth bass ,rock bass ,bluegill , andmuskellunge . [Vernon and Cathy Summerlin, "Longstreet Highroad Guide to the Tennessee Mountains" (Marietta, Georgia: Longstreet, 1999) ISBN 1-56352-475-9]History
Man's first use of the plateau was as hunting grounds. Artifacts found in caves and rock shelters suggest Mississippian and later
Cherokee hunters camped here but never established permanent dwellings. [ [http://www.nature.org/wherewework/fieldguide/projectprofiles/cpt.html 'Cumberland plateau, Tennessee', "The Nature Conservancy" (2006)] . RetrievedSeptember 26 2006 .] The hunting grounds were visited seasonally by the Cherokees,Choctaw s,Chickasaw s, andShawnee s, and were the subject of repeated conflicts. [Vernon and Cathy Summerlin, "Longstreet Highroad Guide to the Tennessee Mountains" (Marietta, Georgia: Longstreet, 1999) ISBN 1-56352-475-9] In the eighteenth century,longhunter s came to hunt game, and English, Scots-Irish and German settlers settled in small hamlets mostly in the valleys. [ [http://www.nature.org/wherewework/fieldguide/projectprofiles/cpt.html 'Cumberland plateau, Tennessee', "The Nature Conservancy" (2006)] . RetrievedSeptember 26 2006 .]In 1797,
Francis Bailey wrote, "...about five o'clock we arrived at Crab Orchard. Here we found a large plain or natural meadow, containing many hundred acres covered throughout its whole extent with a tall, rich grass." [Francis Bailey, "Journal of a Tour in Unsettled Parts of North America in 1796 and 1797". Jack D.L. Holmes (ed.). (Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1969).] Two years later, in 1799,Martin Steiner wrote, "...then we crossed barren hills where only bushes grew. Now and then one saw a little tree." [Cited in Vernon and Cathy Summerlin, "Longstreet Highroad Guide to the Tennessee Mountains" (Marietta, Georgia: Longstreet, 1999) ISBN 1-56352-475-9] There were many other such accounts indicating the open nature of the terrain and the presence of great herds of elk, deer, and bison. [Vernon and Cathy Summerlin, "Longstreet Highroad Guide to the Tennessee Mountains" (Marietta, Georgia: Longstreet, 1999) ISBN 1-56352-475-9]Ecologists believe the prairie-like environment arose from intense grazing and periodic burning by the Native Americans. The plateau reforested when the Amerindians stopped coming. The white settlers visited the high country occasionally to mine coal and harvest timber before major industry came to the area with the first
lumber mill in the 1870s. [Vernon and Cathy Summerlin, "Longstreet Highroad Guide to the Tennessee Mountains" (Marietta, Georgia: Longstreet, 1999) ISBN 1-56352-475-9] By 1911, two coal and lumber companies had formed a syndicate that exploited the region untilthe main bridges on their rail lines were destroyed by a flood in 1929. As the companies cleared the woodland they leased these lands to small farms for arable and animal farming.The
Great Depression prevented the industrial companies from reinvesting in the repair of their railroads and businesses began to fail. In 1940 theCrossville Exchange Club appointed a committee to encourage the state to purchase some of the abandoned land for a wildlife management area. TheConservation Commission bought 63,000 acres (250 km²) from theTennessee Mineral and Lumber Company in 1942 usingPittman-Robertson federal aid funds. In 1949 the Tennessee Game and Fish Commission, now the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA), established a tentative purchase boundary encompassing some 90,000 acres (360 km²) within which they began to eliminate interior holdings through a land acquisition program.As of 1999 this program was still in train. [Vernon and Cathy Summerlin, "Longstreet Highroad Guide to the Tennessee Mountains" (Marietta, Georgia: Longstreet, 1999) ISBN 1-56352-475-9]External links
* [http://www.state.tn.us/twra/index.html Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency]
References
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