Somers Hamlet Historic District

Infobox nrhp
name = Somers Hamlet Historic District
nrhp_type = hd

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caption = The Elephant Hotel, centerpiece of the district
lat_degrees = 41
lat_minutes = 19
lat_seconds = 49
lat_direction = N
long_degrees = 73
long_minutes = 40
long_seconds = 59
long_direction = W
location = Somers, NY
nearest_city = Danbury, CT
area = 56 acres (22.4 ha)
built = early, mid-19th century
architect =
architecture = Federal, later Revival styles
designated =
added = 2004
established =
visitation_num =
visitation_year =
refnum = 04000349
mpsub =
governing_body = Town of Somers, private businesses and residencesThe Somers Hamlet Historic District is located along US 202 in that town in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is the stretch of highway between the junctions with NY 100 and NY 116, including small portions of both highways. Two side streets, Deans Bridge Road and The Lane, are also included, bringing its total area to 56 acres (22.4 ha).cite web|last=Larson|first=Neil|title=National Register of Historic Places nomination, Somers Hamlet Historic District|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=100548|date=2003-11-19|accessdate=2008-03-22]

Forty-six of the 57 buildings, sites and structures within the district are considered contributing properties. Many of them date to the early 19th century, when the hamlet was at the junction of the Croton Turnpike (now Route 100) and the Peekskill-Danbury Turnpike (now Route 202). Despite the increasing suburbanization and development in northern Westchester, particularly due to the nearby presence of the corporate headquarters of IBM and PepsiCo, the area has retained its historic integrity as a relic of the area's rural origins and a fine example of the migration of New England vernacular architectural styles into New York.

The most significant contributing property, the Elephant Hotel at the junction of 100 and 202, currently serves three functions. It is Somers' Town Hall, the offices of its historical society and the American Circus Historical Society. The latter agency reflects the building's historical importance as the birthplace of the circus in the United States.cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=433850890&ResourceType=Building
title=Elephant Hotel|accessdate=2007-09-11|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service] The brick Federal style structure, one of the finest examples of a hotel in that style in the state, was built by Hachaliah Bailey in 1825. A decade earlier he had brought an African elephant, Old Bet, to the U.S. Originally he had intended to use the animal in his fields, but he found he could make more money charging visitors to see Old Bet. He later organized a traveling menagerie that began to include other animal acts and human performers as well; this grew into what became part of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.

Other historic buildings in the area are primarily wood-frame structures built as dwellings, with barns and other outbuildings supporting businesses such as blacksmithies which did a thriving business on turnpike through traffic. The presence of two Shingle style houses on Route 116 near the district's eastern end signifies the time when suburbanization began in the late 19th century, as the homeowners were wealthy enough to afford to hire an architect rather than just use vernacular stylings. Two cemeteries are also included.

The Elephant Hotel, first added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The district was created and added to the Register thirty years later. The following year, 2005, the Elephant Hotel was designated a National Historic Landmark.

References