Colin McCahon

Colin McCahon
A pencil drawing of Colin McCahon by Allan Mollison (2009)
Birth name	Colin John McCahon
Born	1 August 1919(1919-08-01) Timaru, New Zealand
Died	27 May 1987(1987-05-27) (aged 67) Auckland, New Zealand
Nationality	New Zealander
Field	Painter

Colin John McCahon (1 August 1919, Timaru, New Zealand - 27 May 1987, Auckland^[1]) was a prominent New Zealand artist. During his life he also worked in art galleries and as a university lecturer^[2]. Some of McCahon's best-known works are wall-sized paintings with a dark background, overlaid with religious texts in white and varying in size, for example, Tomorrow will be the same but not as this is, 1958/59. He was also an extensive landscape painter, inspired in part by the writings of New Zealand geologist Sir Charles A. Cotton. With Toss Woollaston he is credited with introducing modernism to New Zealand art in the early twentieth century.

Early life and development

When he was a few days old McCahon was taken to Dunedin by his mother where he grew up attending the Maori Hill Primary School, Otago Boys High School and the Dunedin School of Art. He also spent a year in Oamaru during his primary school years. While still at secondary school he saw an exhibition in Broadway, Dunedin, by Toss Woollaston which was influential.

Woollaston had earlier studied at the Dunedin School of Art where he was influenced by R.N. (Bob) Field, a La Trobe Scheme teacher. (La Trobe Scheme.) Field had introduced a form of British Post Impressionism. From this and from a knowledge of German Expressionism gained through Flora Scales, Woollaston had developed his own personalised form of Expressionism. McCahon responded to this and to the influence of Field when he enrolled at the school.

There he encountered and socialised with Rodney Kennedy, Doris Lusk, Anne Hamblett and Patrick Hayman. McCahon, Lusk and Hamblett, and to a lesser extent Hayman, developed a manner similar to Woollaston's on account of which they were later hailed by J.D. Charlton Edgar as "the first cell of modern art in New Zealand". They were Modernists and more specifically Expressionists, and arguably the first New Zealand-born painters to constitute a school, certainly the first representing any kind of modernism.

They were at times concerned with nationalism - establishing a painterly national identity - but not to the extent some later writers have supposed. McCahon and Woollaston were concerned with issues of Christianity and Pacifism which became acute during the second world war. The younger Dunedin painters, including McCahon, spent their summer vacations with Woollaston in Nelson.

McCahon married Hamblett in St. Matthew's Church, Dunedin in 1942. Exempted from military service on account of a medical condition, he and Hamblett struggled to make their living painting while starting a family in the middle and later 1940s. By 1948 they had relocated to Christchurch where McCahon became involved with "The Group". Later still the McCahons moved to Auckland.

In his early years McCahon often painted landscape, but in stark expressive ways and with more or less overt symbolism touching on religious matters. He regarded his Otago Peninsula painting, completed in 1949 and now in the Dunedin Public Library as an early realisation of a decades-long attempt to convey what he had felt was a vision inspired by the Otago landscape which he had experienced while on an outing in the family car when he was still a schoolboy. Later he had other inspirations and other concerns but he was recognised by his peers as exceptional from the time he was at art school.

Styles

Colin McCahon is known for applying a wide range of stylistic and conceptual influences to his work.He use a lot of landscape styles. He liked to use black and white.

Cubism

After working with Mary Cockburn-Mercer in Melbourne, his knowledge on Cubism was expanded, and he began experimenting with Cubism in his works. In 1953 he lived in Titirangi in Auckland and was exposed to native New Zealand plants such as the kauri tree. This spawned a series of works like Kauri. The influence and experimentation of Cubism can be seen in works like this by overlapping facets of colour, (like Cézanne)and a flattened, broken picture plane. One must note, however, that McCahon does not use multiple viewpoints, and he chooses to retain his subject of the landscape, resulting in works that are not completely abstracted.

Abstract Expressionism

After a visit to the United States of America in 1958, McCahon viewed paintings by Barnett Newman, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Piet Mondrian and Willem de Kooning. Upon reflection, McCahon said that Pollock's works, due mainly to their large scale, were "pictures to walk past". These were abstract expressionist artists, and their influences can be seen in McCahon's work The Northland Panels. This work consists of eight panels, monocoat on canvas. The influence of these artists can be seen in:

• Use of unframed canvas: "I think it gives them more freedom to act" - Colin McCahon
• Large scale
• The scale and loose nature of the panels create a new sense of time and space
• Use of text e.g. "A landscape with too few lovers" from poetry, the Bible, and a note from J.M.W. Turner. Use of text creates a sonic quality.
• Colourfields show influence of Rothko, Newman and Mondrian.

Religion

McCahon shows religious undertones to his work by giving the landscape an essentially spiritual element. One method by which he does this is by stripping the landscape bare, showing influence of Cotton's book Geomorphology of New Zealand, especially in works such as Takaka: Night and Day. This work also shows religious undertones by the use of symbolism through light (light and dark; good and bad). Another method is by placing a scene from a religious narrative in a New Zealand setting (for example Crucifixion according to Saint Mark), and bringing the Bible into the contemporary world.

Works stolen

In June 1997 the Urewera Mural (a triptych) was stolen from the Department of Conservation Aniwaniwa Visitor Centre and 15 months later was returned. Following its return, the painting was conserved by staff of the Auckland Art Gallery, who had worked on its conservation prior to the theft.

During the Christmas holiday period of 2006 a set of Colin McCahon manuscripts were stolen from The University of Auckland Library.

References in music

Australian songwriter Tobias Cummings references several of McCahon's works in 'Canoe Song', the final song on Tobias Cummings & The Long Way Home's debut album 'Join the Dots'.

References

1. ^ Dictionary New Zealand Biographies
2. ^ Christchurch City Libraries

Select bibliography

• Marja Bloem and Martin Browne, Colin McCahon A Question Of Faith. Craig Potton Publishing/Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, 2002

• Ivan Bootham, "The Message As Art: An Exploratory Catechism of McCahon Word Painting" in Art Words Ho! 1989, pp. 22-34.

• Gordon H. Brown,Colin McCahon: Artist.Reed Books, rev. ed. 1993

• Gordon H. Brown, Towards A Promised Land: On the life and art of Colin McCahon. Auckland University Press, 2010

• Agnes Wood, Colin McCahon: The Man and the Artist. David Ling Publishing Ltd, 1997

External links

• Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
• Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki: Works by Colin McCahon
• The Colin McCahon database and Image Library
• Museum of New Zealand Collections Online: Works by Colin McCahon
• University of Otago Digital Collections: Works by Colin McCahon

Persondata
Name	McCahon, Colin
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1919-08-01
Place of birth	Timaru, New Zealand
Date of death	1987-05-27
Place of death	Auckland, New Zealand