- Allium canadense
-
Wild Onion 
Scientific classification 
Kingdom: Plantae clade: Angiosperms clade: Monocots Order: Asparagales Family: Amaryllidaceae Subfamily: Allioideae Genus: Allium Species: A. canadense Binomial name Allium canadense
L.Synonyms Allium mutabile
Wild onion (Allium canadense), also known as Canada onion, wild garlic, meadow garlic, and Canadian garlic,[1] is a perennial plant native to North America. It has an edible bulb covered with a dense skin of brown fibers and tastes like an onion. The plant also has strong, onion-like odor. Crow Garlic (Allium vineale) is similar, but it has a strong garlic taste.
The narrow, grass-like leaves originate near the base of the stem, which is topped by a dome-like cluster of star-shaped, pink or white flowers. These flowers may be partially or entirely replaced by bulblets.[2] When present, the flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by bees and other insects. It typically flowers in the spring and early summer, from May to June.
The bulblet producing form is classified as A. canadense var. canadense.[2] It was once thought that the tree onion could be related to this plant,[3] but it is now known that the cultivated tree onion is a hybrid between the common onion (A. cepa) and Welsh onion (A. fistulosum), classified as A. ×proliferum.[4]
The Canada onion is cultivated as a vegetable in home gardens in Cuba, scattered locally in the south to western parts of the island. It was formerly collected from the wild to be eaten by Native Americans and by European settlers.[5] Various Native American tribes also used the plant for other purposes: for example, rubbing the plant on the body for protection from insect, lizard, scorpion, and tarantula bites.[6]
This plant can cause gastroenteritis in young children who ingest parts of this plant. Chronic ingestion of the bulbs reduces iodine uptake by the thyroid gland, which can lead to problems. No specific treatment is suggested other than to prevent dehydration (Lampe and McCann 1985). Livestock have also been poisoned by ingesting wild onions, and some have died (Pipal 1918). Horses have developed hemolytic anemia from ingesting wild onion leaves (Scoggan 1989).[7]
References
- ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). "Allium canadense information from NPGS/GRIN". USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?316541. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ a b "Allium canadense in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". Flora of North America, Vol. 26. http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242101341. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ Food Resource, Oregon State University. "ALLIUM CANADENSE, TREE ONION, WILD ONION". originally from Hedrick, U.P. ed., Sturtevant's Notes on Edible Plants (1919). http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/a/abutilon58.html. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). "Allium x proliferum information from NPGS/GRIN". USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?404736. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ Hanelt, Peter (2001). "Alliaceae". In P. Hanelt. Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops (except ornamentals). Berlin: Spring-Verlag. p. 2250. ISBN 3-540-41017-1.
- ^ Moerman, David E. (1998). Native American Ethnobotany. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 57. ISBN 0-81922-453-9.
- ^ Munro, Derek B. Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System : wild onion. Government of Canada. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
Further reading
- Wild Onion: Allium Canadense
- Missouri Plants: Allium canadense
- Plants For A Future: Allium canadense
- http://lactarius.com/courses/spring_flora/allcan.htm
- http://www.sbs.utexas.edu/bio406d/images/pics/all/allium_canadense.htm
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