Nadifloxacin

Nadifloxacin

Systematic (IUPAC) name
(RS)-9-Fluoro-8-(4-hydroxy-piperidin-1-yl)-5-methyl-1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	?
Routes	topical (epicutaneous)
Identifiers
CAS number	124858-35-1
ATC code	None
PubChem	CID 4410
UNII	6CL9Y5YZEQ Y
Chemical data
Formula	C19H21FN2O4
Mol. mass	360.379 g/mol
Y(what is this?)  (verify)

Nadifloxacin (INN, brand names Acuatim, Nadiflox, Nadoxin, Nadixa, activon) is a topical fluoroquinolone antibiotic for the treatment of acne vulgaris.^[1] It is also used to treat bacterial skin infections.

Pharmacology

Antibacterial spectrum

In vitro studies of nadifloxacin showed potent and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against aerobic Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria, including Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Nadifloxacin showed potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was similar to potency against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The drug was also active against new quinolone-resistant MRSA. Nadifloxacin does not show cross-resistance with other new quinolones.

In patients with skin lesions, topical application of nadifloxacin can result in plasma concentrations of 1 to 3 ng/ml. Consequently, it has been argued that it should not be used to treat relatively harmless diseases like acne vulgaris, risking the development of quinolone resistances.^[2]

Mechanism of action

Nadifloxacin inhibits the enzyme DNA gyrase that is involved in bacterial DNA synthesis and replication, thus inhibiting the bacterial multiplication.

Pharmacokinetics

Following a single topical application of 10 g nadifloxacin 1% cream to normal human back skin, the highest plasma concentration was determined to be 107 ng/mL with an elimination half-life of 19.4 hours. Approximately 0.09% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine over 48 hours post- dosing. The plasma concentration reached a steady state on Day 5 of repeated administration study when nadifloxacin 1% cream was applied at 5 gm twice daily to normal healthy individuals for a period of 7 days. The plasma concentration reached a peak of 4.1 ng/ml at 8 hours post-final dosing with an elimination half-life of 23.2 hours. The urinary excretion rate reached 0.16% on Day 7.

See also

• Adverse effects of fluoroquinolones

References

1. ^ Murata K, Tokura Y (March 2007). "[Anti-microbial therapies for acne vulgaris: anti-inflammatory actions of anti-microbial drugs and their effectiveness]" (in Japanese). J. UOEH 29 (1): 63–71. PMID 17380730. 
2. ^ Steinhilber; Schubert-Zsilavecz, Roth (2004). Medizinische Chemie: Targets und Arzneistoffe. WVG Stuttgart.