TOX

Thymocyte-selection associated high mobility group box gene, also known as TOX, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box gene TOX| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9760| accessdate = ]

tructure and function

The TOX gene encodes a protein that belongs to a large superfamily of chromatin associated proteins that share an approximately 75 amino acid DNA binding motif, the HMG (high mobility group)-box (named after that found in the canonical member of the family, high mobility group protein 1). Some high mobility group (HMG) box proteins (e.g., LEF1) contain a single HMG box motif and bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, while other members of this family (e.g., HMGB1) have multiple HMG boxes and bind DNA in a sequence-independent but structure-dependent manner. While TOX has a single HMG-box motif, it is predicted to bind DNA in a sequence-independent manner.cite journal |author=O'Flaherty E, Kaye J |title=TOX defines a conserved subfamily of HMG-box proteins |journal=BMC Genomics |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=13 |year=2003 |month=Apr |pmid=12697058 |pmc=155677 |doi= |url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/4/13] . TOX is also a member of a small subfamily of proteins (TOX2, TOX3, and TOX4) that share almost identical HMG-box sequences. TOX3 has been identified as a breast cancer susceptibility locus. [cite journal |author=Easton DF, Pooley KA, Dunning AM, "et al" |title=Genome-wide association study identifies novel breast cancer susceptibility loci |journal=Nature |volume=447 |issue=7148 |pages=1087–93 |year=2007 |month=Jun |pmid=17529967 |doi=10.1038/nature05887 |url=] [cite journal |author=Stacey SN, Manolescu A, Sulem P, "et al" |title=Common variants on chromosomes 2q35 and 16q12 confer susceptibility to estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=39 |issue=7 |pages=865–9 |year=2007 |month=Jul |pmid=17529974 |doi=10.1038/ng2064 |url=] TOX is highly expressed in the thymus, the site of development of T lymphocytes. Knockout mice that lack TOX have a severe defect in development of certain subsets of T lymphocytes. [cite journal |author=Aliahmad P, Kaye J |title=Development of all CD4 T lineages requires nuclear factor TOX |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=205 |issue=1 |pages=245–56 |year=2008 |month=Jan |pmid=18195075 |pmc=2234360 |doi=10.1084/jem.20071944 |url=]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, "et al." |title=Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=9 |issue= 3 |pages= 99-106 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12168954 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Sebastiani P, Wang L, Nolan VG, "et al." |title=Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia: Bayesian modeling of genetic associations. |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=83 |issue= 3 |pages= 189-95 |year= |pmid= 17918249 |doi= 10.1002/ajh.21048
*cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, "et al." |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504
*cite journal | author=Aliahmad P, O'Flaherty E, Han P, "et al." |title=TOX provides a link between calcineurin activation and CD8 lineage commitment. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=199 |issue= 8 |pages= 1089-99 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15078895 |doi= 10.1084/jem.20040051
*cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, "et al." |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Wilkinson B, Chen JY, Han P, "et al." |title=TOX: an HMG box protein implicated in the regulation of thymocyte selection. |journal=Nat. Immunol. |volume=3 |issue= 3 |pages= 272-80 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11850626 |doi= 10.1038/ni767
*cite journal | author=Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, "et al." |title=Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=5 |issue= 5 |pages= 277-86 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9872452 |doi=

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