List of dinosaurs

List of dinosaurs
Mounted skeletons of Tyrannosaurus (left) and Apatosaurus (right) at the AMNH.

This list of dinosaurs is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the superorder Dinosauria, excluding class Aves (birds, both living and those known only from fossils) and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered dinosaurs. Many listed names have been reclassified as everything from birds to crocodilians to petrified wood. The list contains 1372 names, of which approximately 980 are considered either valid dinosaur genera or nomina dubia.

Scope and terminology

There is no official, canonical list of dinosaur genera. The closest is the Dinosaur Genera List, compiled by biological nomenclature expert George Olshevsky, which was first published online in 1995 and is regularly updated. The most authoritative general source in the field is the second (2004) edition of The Dinosauria. The vast majority of citations are based on Olshevsky's list, and all subjective determinations (such as junior synonymy or non-dinosaurian status) are based on The Dinosauria, except where they conflict with primary literature. These exceptions are noted.

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:

  • Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN (see Tyrannosaurus), but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
  • Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
  • Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
  • Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. Preoccupied names are not valid generic names.
  • Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation (see Hadrosaurus), this term is not used on this list.

A

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Abelisaurus skull.
Replica of an Allosaurus skeleton.
Model of Archaeopteryx.
Artist's restoration of a trio of Aucasaurus.

B

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
A view from below of the rearing Barosaurus mounted in the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.

C

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Camarasaurus skull.
Obsolete drawing of Ceratosaurus.

D

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The painting Laelaps by Charles Knight, depicting two Dryptosaurus fighting.

E

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Edmontosaurus skull.

F

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Life restoration of Fukuiraptor.

G

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Skeleton of Giraffatitan brancai.

H

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Early sketch of Hadrosaurus.

I

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Early, inaccurate sketch of two Iguanodon.

J

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Life restoration of Jinfengopteryx.

K

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Kentrosaurus skeleton.

L

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M

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Sketch of the sauropod Mamenchisaurus.
Cast of a Muttaburrasaurus skeleton.

N

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Artist's restoration of a pair of Nanshiungosaurus.

O

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Ornitholestes sketch.

P

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Parasaurolophus sketch.
Life-sized model of a Procompsognathus.
Life restoration of Protoceratops.

Q

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R

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Profile sketch of the head of Rinchenia.

S

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Artist's restoration of a pair of Saltasaurus.
Artist's restoration of Segisaurus.
Artist's restoration of Sellosaurus.
Early sketch of a Struthiomimus.

T

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Tarbosaurus skeleton.
Tyrannosaurus skull.

U

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Illustration of the skull of Udanoceratops.

V

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Drawing of a Velociraptor.

W

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X

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Y

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Artist's restoration of Yunnanosaurus.

Z

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Artist's restoration of Zalmoxes.

See also

  • List of North American dinosaurs
  • List of African dinosaurs
  • List of Asian dinosaurs
  • List of European dinosaurs
  • List of Indian and Madagascan dinosaurs
  • List of Australian and Antarctic dinosaurs

Notes

Uncited genera names can be attributed to Olshevsky, 2010. Dalianraptor is listed by Olshevsky, but omitted from this list, since it has not been described as a dinosaur in a published source.

  1. ^ Nesbitt, S.J.; Clarke, J.A.; Turner, A.H.; and Norell, M.A. (2011). "A small alvarezsaurid from the eastern Gobi Desert offers insight into evolutionary patterns in the Alvarezsauroidea". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (1): 144–153. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.540053. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a933251736~frm=titlelink. 
  2. ^ Taylor, M. (12 February 2005). Re: Raptor Red and Heyday Of The Giants. Dinosaur Mailing List.
  3. ^ Williams, T. (13 February 2005). Re: Raptor Red and Heyday Of The Giants. Dinosaur Mailing List.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lambert, D. (1993). "A to Z of Dinosaurs" In: The Ultimate Dinosaur Book. Dorling Kindersley.
  5. ^ Worth, G. (Ed.). N.d. Chondrosteus. In: The Dinosaur Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 16, 2009. Attributes misspelling to Huene, F. von. 1907–1908. Die Dinosaurier der europaischen Triasformation mit Beriicksichtigung der aussereuropaischen Vorkominnisse. Geol. Paleontol. Abhandl. Suppl. 1, pp. 1–419.
  6. ^ J. I. Ruiz-Omeñaca (2011) Delapparentia turolensis nov. gen et sp., un nuevo dinosaurio iguanodontoideo (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) en el Cretácico Inferior de Galve. Estudios Geológicos (advance online publication) doi:10.3989/egeol.40276.124 [1]
  7. ^ a b c Rana, A.N. 2006. Country’s first dinosaur fossils. DAWN March 25, 2006.
  8. ^ Cecilia Apaldetti, Ricardo N. Martinez, Oscar A. Alcober and Diego Pol (2011). "A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina". PLoS ONE 6 (11): e26964. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026964. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0026964. 
  9. ^ Henderson (2005). "Nano No More: The death of the pygmy tyrant." In: "The origin, systematics, and paleobiology of Tyrannosauridae”, a symposium hosted jointly by Burpee Museum of Natural History and Northern Illinois University.
  10. ^ a b Andrew T. McDonald (2011). "The taxonomy of species assigned to Camptosaurus (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda)". Zootaxa 2783: 52–68. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z02783p068f.pdf. 
  11. ^ Cabreira, Sergio F.; Cesar L. Schultz, Jonathas S. Bittencourt, Marina B. Soares, Daniel C. Fortier, Lúcio R. Silva and Max C. Langer (2011). "New stem-sauropodomorph (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Triassic of Brazil". Naturwissenschaften in press. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0858-0. http://www.springerlink.com/content/qu44p67746t71w38/. 
  12. ^ Leonardo S. Filippi, José Ignacio Canudo, Leonardo J. Salgado, Alberto C. Garrido, Rodolfo A. Garcia, Ignacio A. Cerda and Alejandro Otero (in press). "A new sauropod titanosaur from the Plottier Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia (Argentina)". Geologica Acta 9 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1344/105.000000???. http://www.geologica-acta.com/pdf/vol0901a08.pdf. 
  13. ^ Olshevsky, G. (February 9, 2001). Sauropodus. Dinosaur Mailing List.
  14. ^ This is an invalid name applied to what would now be recognized as a theropod, perhaps Megalosaurus, and considered invalid by the ICZN. For additional information, please see George Olshevsky's Dinosaur Genera List, The Theropod Database, or Dinogenera (French). Halstead, L.B.; Sarjeant, W.A.S. (1993). "Scrotum humanum Brookes - the earliest name for a dinosaur?". Modern Geology 18: 221–224. 
  15. ^ Chiappe, Luis M.; Dyke, Gareth J. (2006). "The Early Evolutionary History of Birds". Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea 22 (1): 133–151. 
  16. ^ Buffetaut, E.; Suteethorn, V.; Tong, H.; and Amiot, R. (2008). Geological Magazine. 145. pp. 745–748. 
  17. ^ Hussam Zaher, Diego Pol, Alberto B. Carvalho, Paulo M. Nascimento, Claudio Riccomini, Peter Larson, Rubén Juarez-Valieri, Ricardo Pires-Domingues, Nelson Jorge da Silva Jr., Diógenes de Almeida Campos (2011). Sereno, Paul. ed. "A Complete Skull of an Early Cretaceous Sauropod and the Evolution of Advanced Titanosaurians". PLoS ONE 6 (2): e16663. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016663. PMC 3034730. PMID 21326881. http://www.plosone.org/article/browse.action?field=&pageSize=10&startPage=0&catName=Evolutionary+Biology. 
  18. ^ Worth, G. (Ed.). N.d. Tenchisaurus. In: The Dinosaur Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 16, 2009. Attributes misspelling to a Japanese guide to a Chinese dinosaur exhibit, 1981. And also to Glut, 1982.
  19. ^ "Japanese theropod nomen nudum extravaganza" Dinosaur Mailing List.
  20. ^ Rubén D. Juárez Valieri, José A. Haro, Lucas E. Fiorelli and Jorge O. Calvo (2010). "A new hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous) of Patagonia, Argentina". Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales n.s. 11 (2): 217–231. http://www.macn.secyt.gov.ar/investigacion/descargas/publicaciones/revista/12/rns_vol12-2_217-231.pdf. 
  21. ^ You Hailu, Li Daqing and Liu Weichang (2011). "A New Hadrosauriform Dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Gansu Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica 85 (1): 51–57. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00377.x. 
  22. ^ Sankar Chatterjee, Wang, T., Pan, S.G., Dong, Z., Wu, X.C., and Paul Upchurch (2010). "A complete skeleton of a basal Sauropod Dinosaur from the early Jurassic of China and the origin of Sauropoda". Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 42 (5): 26. http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010AM/finalprogram/abstract_175675.htm. 

References

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