ProPhoto RGB color space

ProPhoto RGB color space

The ProPhoto RGB color space, also known as ROMM RGB, is an output referred RGB color space, developed by Kodak, that offers an especially large gamut designed for use with photographic output in mind. The ProPhoto RGB color space encompasses over 90% of possible surface colors in the CIE L*a*b* color space, and 100% of likely occurring real world surface colors making ProPhoto even larger than the Adobe Wide Gamut RGB color space. The ProPhoto RGB primaries were also chosen in order minimize hue rotations associated with non-linear tone scale operations. One of the downsides to this color space is that approximately 13% of the representable colors are imaginary colors that do not exist and are not visible colors. This means that potential color accuracy is wasted for reserving these unnecessary colors.

When working in color spaces with such a large gamut, it is recommended to work in 16-bit color depth to avoid posterization effects. This will occur more frequently in 8-bit modes as the gradient steps are much larger.

There are two corresponding scene space color encodings known as RIMM RGB intended to encode standard dynamic range scene space images, and ERIMM RGB intended to encode extended dynamic range scene space images.

ProPhoto RGB (ROMM RGB) Encoding Primaries

Viewing Environment
* Luminance level is in the range of 160-640 cd/m2.
* Viewing surround is average.
* There is 0.5-1.0% viewing flare.
* The adaptive white point is specified by the chromaticity values for CIE Standard Illuminant D50 (x = 0.3457, y = 0.3585).
* The image color values are assumed to be encoded using flareless (or flare corrected) colorimetric measurements based on the CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer.

Encoding Function

X'_{ROMM} = egin{cases} 0; & X_{ROMM} \ 16X_{ROMM}I_{MAX}; & 0.0 le X_{ROMM} < E_t \ (X_{ROMM})^{1/1.8}I_{MAX}; & E_t le X_{ROMM}<1.0 \ I_{MAX}; & X_{ROMM} ge 1.0end{cases}

where

X' = R, G, or B

and

I_{MAX} is the maximum integer value used in the encoding function

and

E_t = 16^{1.8/(1-1.8)} = 0.001953

External links

* [http://www.colour.org/tc8-05/Docs/colorspace/PICS2000_RIMM-ROMM.pdf Reference Input/Output Medium Metric RGB Color Encodings (RIMM/ROMM RGB)]
* [http://luminous-landscape.com/tutorials/prophoto-rgb.shtml Understanding ProPhoto RGB]
* [http://www.naturephotographers.net/articles1203/mh1203-1.html Color Spaces: Beyond Adobe RGB]
* [http://www.outbackphoto.com/color_management/cm_06/essay.html Why Use the ProPhoto RGB Color Space?]


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