Pizzo (extortion)

The pizzo is protection money paid to the Mafia often in the form of a forced transfer of money, resulting in extortion. The term is derived from the Sicilian "pizzu" ('beak'). To "let someone wet their beak" (Sicilian language "fari vagnari a pizzu") is to pay protection money. The practice is widespread in Italy, not only by the Sicilian Cosa Nostra, but also by the 'Ndrangheta in Calabria and the Camorra in Campania.

Another etymological explanation of the term is "beakerful", referring to the right of an overseer to scoop from the grain being threshed by peasants.Paoli, "Mafia Brotherhoods", p. 241] Paying the pizzo might also be in kind, for example by forcing a company to put someone (often a member of a criminal organisation) on the payroll, compulsory provision of services by Mafia controlled businesses as well as subcontracting to Mafia controlled companies.Paoli, "Mafia Brotherhoods", p. 164]

Businesses that refuse to pay the pizzo might be burned down. In return, businesses receive "protection" and can enlist neighbourhood Mafiosi to cut through bureaucracy or resolve disputes with other tradesmen. Collecting the pizzo keeps the Mafia in touch with the community and allows it to "control their territory". [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/04/28/wmafia128.xml The pizzo racket] , The Daily Telegraph, April 28, 2006]

Italy's "biggest company"

According to Antimafia police estimates organized crime collect about €30 billion a year in pizzo, not just in Sicily but in Calabria, Naples and the North, increasingly infiltrated by southern Mafia clans. A report in 2007 by Confesercenti, the Italian retailers association, estimated that the Mafia-type organisations – including the 'Ndrangheta and the Camorra as well as the Sicilian Cosa Nostra – have a turnover of €90 billion a year, or 7 per cent of the Italian GDP, making it the country’s “biggest company”. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2796725.ece Heroes in business suits stand up to fight back against Mafia] , The Times, November 3, 2007]

In the Palermo region the Mafia extorts more than 160 million euro a year from shops and businesses, with the island as a whole paying 10 times that figure, investigators estimate. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/03/08/wmafia108.xml Mafia-free supermarket defies mob extortion] , The Daily Telegraph, March 8, 2008] Around 80 per cent of Sicilian businesses pay up a pizzo. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/10/23/wmafia123.xml Italy's biggest business: the Mafia] , The Daily Telegraph, October 24, 2007] According to an investigation by the Palermo University, the pizzo averages 457 euros (640 dollars) a month for retail traders and 578 for hotels and restaurants, but construction companies are asked to pay over 2,000 euros per month according to the economic daily Il Sole 24 Ore. [http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jLjxsdQPEBu-zA-ytPbvYHUSyOZA To the Mafia's horror, pizzo-free shop opens Palermo doors] , AFP, March 8, 2008]

In December 2007, the Palermo edition of the daily La Repubblica published a list of companies that paid the pizzo to the Mafia boss Salvatore Lo Piccolo – arrested in November 2007.it icon [http://palermo.repubblica.it/dettaglio/Gli-affari-nell-archivio-del-boss-Lo-Piccolo/1409952 Nell'archivio di Lo Piccolo la mappa degli affari del boss] , La Repubblica (Palermo), December 27, 2007] Payments ranged from 250 euro for smaller businesses to 30,000 euro for the bigger ones.it icon [http://palermo.repubblica.it/dettaglio/Tutti-i-nomi-dei-commercianti-estorti/1409737 Tutti i nomi dei commercianti estorti] , La Repubblica (Palermo), December 27, 2007]

Anti pizzo movement

One of the first to refuse to pay protection money was Libero Grassi, a shopkeeper from Palermo. In August 1991, he wrote an open letter to the Giornale di Sicilia, the local newspaper. Published on the front page, it was addressed to an anonymous "Dear Extortionist". It caused an uproar but, barely three weeks later, Grassi was dead. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7342106.stm Sicilians grow defiant of Mafia] , BBC News, April 11, 2008]

In 2004, Addiopizzo – a grassroots social conscious-motivated consumer movement – frustrated with the Mafia's stranglehold on the local economy and political life, peppered Palermo with stickers stating: "A people who pays the pizzo is a people without dignity." They organise manifestations wearing black T-shirts with the Addiopizzo logo, a broken circle with an X in the middle and the words "consumo critico" (critical consumption). [http://www.corriere.it/english/articoli/2006/05_Maggio/03/pizzo.shtml One Hundred Defiant Shopkeepers Say "We Don’t Pay Protection Money"] , Corriere della Sera, May 5, 2006]

References

*Paoli, Letizia (2003). " [http://books.google.nl/books?id=qX5NfHTWzS0C&dq Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style] ", New York: Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-515724-9 ( [http://www.organized-crime.de/revpao01mafiandrangheta.htm Review] by Klaus Von Lampe) ( [http://www.ccja-acjp.ca/en/cjcr/cjcr68.html Review] by Alexandra V. Orlova)

External links

* [http://www.addiopizzo.org/english.asp Addiopizzo website]
* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2796725.ece Heroes in business suits stand up to fight back against Mafia] , The Times, November 3, 2007
* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2957466.ece Mafia is blamed for arson attack on businesses fighting back] , The Times, November 28, 2007