Leonard White (physician)

Leonard D. White, MD
Born	September 7, 1856(1856-09-07) Douglas, Massachusetts, USA
Died	September 18, 1906(1906-09-18) (aged 50) Uxbridge, Massachusetts, USA
Education	Golf and Mowry School, tutored by JM Macomber MD of Uxbridge Academy; Harvard Medical School;
Occupation	Physician, Health Officer, Chair of Uxbridge Board of Health,
Parents	David P. White, and Clarissa (Darling) White of Douglas

Leonard D. White, MD was a late 19th century physician and one of the Health Officers in Massachusetts who was involved with the earliest study of mosquitoes and malaria and efforts for community prevention of malaria.

Early life

Leonard D. White was born September 7, 1856 in Douglas, Massachusetts. He was the son of Dr. David P. and Clarissa (Darling). He married Lillian Belle Brown on July 20, 1882. They had one child, Charles W. born on March 18, 1886. Dr. White died on September 18, 1906 of heart disease.

Education and career

Leonard White attended the Mowry and Goff School and was tutored by Dr. Joshua Mason Macomber of the Uxbridge Academy.Uxbridge He completed his education at Harvard Medical School. He practiced as a generalist, a country doctor, in Uxbridge Massachusetts. He served as chairman of the Board of Health in Uxbridge.

Significance of Career and Public Health History

Dr. Leonard White published two reports of early childhood vaccine related deaths, (1885).^[1] The description of the deaths of these two children, vaccinated two weeks earlier by an unknown practitioner is nothing less than tragic. The time period was consistent with smallpox vaccination. Tetanus toxoid would come into use, just a short time later in 1887. In 1896, Theobald Smith, state Board of Health pathologist, wrote the now local health officer at Uxbridge, Dr. White, who had published a written report to the state board of health on a local malaria outbreak^[2] Smith warned White of mosquito connections to malaria, later proven in 1897, by Ronald Ross, in India. He recommended that Dr. White ask his boy to attempt to trap some of the mosquitoes in Uxbridge, in boxes with pinholes, for further study, and take precautions with screens on the windows of buildings, drainage of collections of water, etc. Indeed there were some swampy lands near Uxbridge along the Blackstone River, the Mumford River and West River. This was believed to be the first attempt at "prevention" for malaria. In 1905, the state board of health, ordered the town to move its water supply, due to contamination from the polluted river.^[3]

Afterwards

Dr. Leonard White's house was in Uxbridge, on Douglas Street, next to where Snowling Rd is located today.^[4] White was an example of a 19th century physician, a country doctor, who published, and who served as a local health officer, under the Massachusetts State Board of Health. His contributions were significant in the history of medicine and public health. He was a contemporary of Walter Reed, who contributed in 1885 to the same publication in which Dr. White's case reports of childhood vaccine related deaths appeared. Walter Reed unlocked answers to Yellow fever in the late 19th century. The first notion of a connection of mosquitoes transmitting diseases was from a Cuban physician, Carlos Finlay in 1881 relating to Finaly's work with Yellow fever, later confirmed specifically for malaria by Ronald Ross in India circa 1898. Malaria is a protozoan disease carried by aedes aegypti mosquitoes, as a "vector".

Another Harvard Medical School graduate, and contemporary of Dr. White would become renowned for public health work in Providence during the same period, Charles V. Chapin, MD. Chapin was Superintendent of public health in Providence, just 20 miles away. His contributions extended to infection control practices that remain in use to this day. They were both born in 1856, and likely crossed paths at Harvard medical school and beyond.

References

1. ^ Shrady, George F, Editor (1885). "Medical Record, A Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery", Vol 28, No 24, December 12, 1885. New York City: William Wood & Company. p. 651. http://books.google.com/books?id=wBoCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA294&lpg=PA294&dq=Shrady,+George+F,+Editor+Dec.+12,+1885.+Medical+Record,+A+weekly+Journal&source=bl&ots=Qd7yPtnQYM&sig=JtqBktvYtrkdq4Zqu3OF4-Gvb3I&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA651,M1. 
2. ^ "A History of Mosquitoes in Massachusetts, by Curtis R. Best". Northeast mosquito control association. http://www.nmca.org/Nmca93-4.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-31. 
3. ^ ‘Annual Report of the State Board of Health of Massachusetts”. Public Documents of Massachusetts; Google Books. 1905. p. 52. 
4. ^ Wrona, B. Mae., Uxbridge, Images of America; 2000; Arcadia Publishing Company; ISBN 0738504610

Reference with local photos

1. Wrona, B. Mae., Uxbridge, Images of America; 2000; Arcadia Publishing Company; ISBN 0738504610

Persondata
Name	White, Leonard
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1856
Place of birth	Douglas, Massachusetts, USA
Date of death	September 18, 1906
Place of death	Uxbridge, Massachusetts, USA