Dargai

Dargai
—  Union council and town  —
Dargai Location in Pakistan
Coordinates: 34°10′51″N 71°53′14″E / 34.18083°N 71.88722°E / 34.18083; 71.88722Coordinates: 34°10′51″N 71°53′14″E / 34.18083°N 71.88722°E / 34.18083; 71.88722
Country	Pakistan
Region	Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa
District	Charsadda District
Tehsil	Charsadda Tehsil
Time zone	PST (UTC+5)

Dargai is an administrative area of the Malakand District in Pakistan's northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, located on the main highway from Peshawar to Swat, Dir and Chitral. Business previously flourished in the area as most visitors travelling to these areas passed through Dargai, but numbers have declined following a 2006 suicide bombing and subsequent unrest which adversely affected tourism. Dargai is well known for its timber market.

Background

Dargai was part of the Malakand Agency Tribal area until 1970 when the former princely states of (Chitral, Dir and Swat) were amalgamated into the Malakand Division, which was in turn divided into districts, one of which was the Malakand Protected Area, known as Malakand District. In 2000 the Malakand Division was abolished and despite constitutional changes since 1970, the expression "Malakand Agency" is sometimes still used as a name for the entire area of the former agency, but more often to refer to the Malakand District.

History

The British commenced their campaign against Malakand in 1853 and Dargai became well known for its battles during their rule. First, the British conducted a campaign against the Pashtun Utmankhel tribe and a large battle took place at parng Ghar.^{[clarification needed]} Owing to its defenders being only a small band of poorly armed mujahideen, the Utmankhel were subdued. In December 1853, a brigade was sent after them under the command of Lord Klaidy, which raided Dargai and Kharkeay – small villages of the Ranizai tribe at the bottom of the Malakand Pass. The attackers were well equipped with artillery, so the Ranizais accepted a ransom of Rs.5000 and thereafter proclaimed jihad or holy war in the Buner Valley, at that time ruled by Syed Akhbar Shah Badshah. The British felt threatened by Badshah and made an unsuccessful attempt to take the valley.

Swat ruler Akhund Sahib (Saidu baba) died in 1877 and the following year Lord Klaidy took a strong force and entered Ranizai territory via Palai and Sherkhana at the southern boundary of the Malakand Agency when the Ranizais once more resorted to arbitration.^{[clarification needed]}

In 1895, British army major Sir Arlo along with Colonel Kelly started a war against Umara Khan, a sardar and politician whom Winston Churchill called the Afghan Napoleon.^[1] The British camped at Dargai and Kharkay before a huge battle in the Malakand pass during which the Swat Ranizais displayed great valour. On September 12, 1895 an agreement was signed between the British and the Swat Ranizais.

The second battle of Malakand took place in 1897 during a period of Swat Ranizais resistance when even the Pukhtoon women came out to fight. History records the valour of a woman belonging to a respectable family of Dehri Alladand who fought day and night as well as provided food and water to the mujahideen and who died with her sword drawn. She is buried on the outskirts of Dehri Alladand village where the people refer to her as Shaheeda Abai (martyred grandmother).

Hazrat Sadullah Khan, alias Sar tor Faqir ("bear-headed Faqir"), also known as Mullah Mastan or the Mad Mullah by the British, was a tribesman of the Buner Swat. When the British seized Amandara, Sar tor Faqir marched from Landakay towards Thana the British proceeded to Dehri Alladand and the Batkhela. They by-passed the British troops at Amandara and decided to raid Malakand, where they defeated the British. Later, the Sikhs joined the British, but still they were still beaten by the mujadeen'. When the battle ended a large number of British and Sikhs had been killed or captured, and a large quantity of arms and ammunition seized. Nineteen mujahideen were killed, including Sar Tor Faqir. His tomb stands at the bottom of Elephant Pass (Hathi Darrah) to the south of the village of Zulamkot in Dehri Alladand in Malakand.

Later on, the British formed a new force known as the Malakand Field Force to deal with the tribes of Malakand, a force in which Winston Churchill was a second lieutenant. He was also the editor of the daily Civil and Military Gazette. The Malakand Field Force raided many villages in Malakand including Swat, Dir and Chitral. Thereafter British rule gradually enveloped the whole area.

Dargai Heights

An attack on Dargai Heights during the Tirah campaign resulted in the award of four Victoria Crosses. The Heights were held by Afridi tribesmen but were successfully stormed by the Gordon Highlanders and the Gurkhas on 20  October 1897.^[2] Piper George Findlater and Private Edward Lawson of the Gordons, Henry Singleton Pennell of the Derbyshire Regiment and Samuel Vickery of the The Dorsetshire Regiment were medal recipients. The action was commemorated in verse by William McGonagall,^[3] the pipe march The Heights of Dargai by J. Wallace^[4] and the fiddle tune Dargai by James Scott Skinner.^[5] Richard Thompson later arranged and recorded a version of the Skinner tune for the guitar.^[6]

Local attractions

Today, scenic locations in Dargai include the Jabban and Malakand hydro-electric project where water passes through a 3 miles (4.8 km) tunnel before entering a natural drop of 350 feet (110 m). The two power houses at Dargai and Malakand Khas will be supplemented by a third 81 MW facility that was recently constructed in Dargai.^[when?] The Punjab Regimental Centre is located near Dargai Railway Station. In November 2006 a suicide bomber killed 42 Pakistani Soldiers in Dargai and during the recent war in Swat, Dargai Fort was used as a supply centre for troops stationed in Swat and Dir.

References

1. ^ Janan Gull. "British Rule in Malakand". http://malakand.com/about-malakand/british-rule-in-malakand.html. Retrieved 21 September 2011. 
2. ^ "War Office, May 20, 1898". London Gazette. London Gazette. May 20, 1898. http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/26968/pages/3165. Retrieved 20 November 2009. 
3. ^ William McGonagall. "The Storming of the Dargai Heights". McGonagall Online. http://www.mcgonagall-online.org.uk/poems/lpgdargai.htm. Retrieved 20 November 2009. 
4. ^ J. Wallace. "The Heights of Dargai". http://www.thecspb.org/tunes/Heights%20of%20Dargai.pdf. Retrieved 20 November 2009. 
5. ^ James Scott Skinner. "Dargai". University of Aberdeen. 
6. ^ "Dargai". Beesweb. http://richardthompson-music.com/song_o_matic.asp?id=75. Retrieved 20 November 2009. 

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.