John Frankenheimer

Infobox Actor
name = John Frankenheimer
birthname = John Michael Frankenheimer
birthdate = birth date|1930|2|19
location = New York City, New York, USA
deathdate = death date and age|2002|7|6|1930|2|19
deathplace = Los Angeles, California, USA
yearsactive = 1948-2002
spouse = Carolyn Miller (1954-1962)
Evans Evans (1963-2002)
emmyawards = Directing - Miniseries, Movie or Special
1994 "Against the Wall"
1995 "The Burning Season"
1996 "Andersonville"
1998 "George Wallace"

John Michael Frankenheimer (February 19, 1930 – July 6, 2002) was an American film director.

Biography

Frankenheimer was born in New York, the son of a German-born Jewish father and an Irish-American Roman Catholic mother. He was graduated from Williams College, in Williamstown, Massachusetts, in 1951. He became a film maker while serving as a U.S. Air Force lieutenant during the Korean War, directing service films for the Air Force and became interested in directing after his military service.

Career

Frankenheimer began his directing career in live television shortly after the service. He recalled after being discharged, he had an interview with CBS and had a conversation with the hiring manager. The manager had also been a member of the armed forces and told Frankenheimer that while they had no openings at the time, he would call when needed. According to the director in an interview with "The Directors Series", he had spent two weeks in his hotel room waiting for a phone call as the hotel didn't provide a messaging service. At the end of this period, Frankenheimer did receive a phone call and was put to work as a live television director. Throughout the 1950s he directed over 140 episodes of shows like "Playhouse 90", "Climax", and "Danger", including "The Comedian", written by Rod Serling and starring Mickey Rooney as a ragingly vicious television comedian.

His first theatrical film was 1957's "The Young Stranger", starring James MacArthur as a rebellious teenager. Frankenheimer helmed the production, based on a "Climax" episode called "Deal a Blow", at the age of 26.

He returned to television through the rest of the 1950s, only moving to film permanently in 1961 with "The Young Savages", which teamed him for the first time with Burt Lancaster in a story of a young boy murdered by a New York gang.

"Birdman of Alcatraz"

His next film, "Birdman of Alcatraz", shot in 1961, came to him after production had already begun under another director (Charles Crichton). Burt Lancaster, who was producing, as well as starring, asked Frankenheimer to take over the film. As Frankenheimer describes in Charles Champlin's interview book, he told Frankenheimer the script was too long, but was told he had to shoot everything that was written.

Sure enough, the first cut of the film was four and a half hours long, the length Frankenheimer had predicted. Moreover, as he had said at the beginning, the film was constructed so that it couldn't be cut and still be coherent. Frankenheimer said the film would have to be rewritten and partly reshot. Lancaster was committed to star in "Judgment at Nuremberg", so he made that film while Frankenheimer prepared the reshoots. The finished film, released in 1962, was a huge success and was nominated for four Oscars, including one for Lancaster's performance.

Frankenheimer was next hired by producer John Houseman to direct "All Fall Down", a family drama starring Eva Marie Saint and Warren Beatty. Because of the production difficulties with "Birdman of Alcatraz", "All Fall Down" was actually released before that film.

"The Manchurian Candidate"

He followed this with his most iconic film, "The Manchurian Candidate". Frankenheimer and producer George Axelrod bought Richard Condon's 1959 novel after it had already been turned down by many Hollywood studios. After getting Frank Sinatra to commit to the film, they secured backing from United Artists and shot the film in 1962.

The story of a Korean War vet, brainwashed by the Communist Chinese to assassinate the candidate for President co-starred Laurence Harvey and Janet Leigh. The film also starred Angela Lansbury as Harvey's evil mother. Frankenheimer had to fight to cast the actress, who had worked with him on "All Fall Down", and was just two years older than Harvey. Sinatra's choice had been Lucille Ball. The film was nominated for two Oscars, including one for Lansbury.

The film was unseen for many years. Urban legend has it that the film was pulled from circulation due to the similarity of its plot to the death of President Kennedy the following year, but Frankenheimer states in the Champlin book that it was pulled because of a legal battle between producer Sinatra and the studio over Sinatra's share of the profits. In any event, it was re-released to great acclaim in 1988.

"Seven Days in May"

He followed this up with another hugely successful political thriller, "Seven Days in May" (1964). He again bought the rights to a bestselling book, this time by Charles Bailey II and Fletcher Knebel, and again produced the film with his star, this time Kirk Douglas.

Douglas intended to play the role of the General who attempts to lead a coup against the President, who is about to sign a disarmament treaty with the Soviets. Douglas then decided he wanted to work with Burt Lancaster, with whom he had just costarred in another film. To entice Lancaster, Douglas agreed to let him play the General, while Douglas took the less showy lead role of the General's aide, who turns against him and helps the President.

The film, written by Rod Serling, and costarring Frederic March as the President and Ava Gardner was a great success and was nominated for two Oscars.

"The Train"

Frankenheimer's next film was again taken over from another director (Arthur Penn). "The Train" had already begun shooting in France when star Burt Lancaster had the original director fired and called in Frankenheimer to save the film. As he recounts in the Champlin book, Frankenheimer used the production's desperation to his advantage in negotiations. He demanded and got the following: his name was made part of the title, "John Frankenheimer's The Train"; the French co-director, demanded by French tax laws, was not allowed to ever set foot on set; he was given total final cut; and a Ferrari.

Again saddled with an unfilmably long script, Frankenheimer threw it out and took the locations and actors left from the previous film and began filming, with writers working in Paris as the production shot in Normandy. Although the poorly chosen locations caused endless weather delays. This film is the last large black and white action film and contains multiple real train wrecks. The Allied bombing of a rail yard was accomplished with real dynamite, as the French rail authority needed to enlarge the track gauge. This can be observed by the shockwaves traveling through the ground during the action sequence. Producers realized after filming that the story needed another action beat, and reassembled some of the cast for a Spitfire attack scene that was inserted into the first third of the film. The finished movie was an enormous success and the script was nominated for an Oscar.

"Seconds"

"Seconds" (1966), starring Rock Hudson as an elderly man given the body of a young man through experimental surgery, was poorly received on its release, but has come to be one of the director's most respected and popular films in the decades since. The film is an expressionistic, part-horror, part-thriller, part-science fiction film about the obsession with eternal youth and misplaced faith in the ability of medical science to achieve it.

"Grand Prix"

He followed this with his most spectacular production, 1966's "Grand Prix". Shot on location at the Grand Prix races throughout Europe, on 65mm Cinerama cameras, the film starred James Garner and Eva Marie Saint. The making was a race itself, as John Sturges and Steve McQueen planned to make a similar movie titled "Day of the Champion". ["My Husband, My Friend", Neile McQueen Toffel, A Signet Book, 1986 [http://www.thesandpebbles.com/neile_mcqueen/neile_mcqueen.htm] ] Due to their contract with the German Nürburgring, Frankenheimer had to turn over 27 reels shot there to Sturges. Frankenheimer was ahead in schedule anyway, and the McQueen/Sturges project was called off, while the German race track was only mentioned briefly in "Grand Prix". Introducing methods of photographing high-speed auto racing that had never been seen before, mounting cameras on the cars, at full speed and putting the stars in the actual cars, instead of against rear-projections, the film was an international success and won three Oscars, for editing, sound and sound effects.

1960s and 1970s

His next film, 1967's all-star anti-war comedy "The Extraordinary Seaman" starred David Niven, Faye Dunaway, Alan Alda and Mickey Rooney. The film was a failure at the box office and critically, and Frankenheimer calls it in the Champlin book, "the only movie I've made which I would say was a total disaster."

1968's "The Fixer", about a Jew in Tsarist Russia, was shot in Communist Hungary. The film, starring Alan Bates, was not a major success, but Bates was nominated for an Oscar. Frankenheimer was a close friend of Senator Robert Kennedy and in fact drove him to the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles the night he was assassinated in June 1968.

Immediately after this, he filmed "The Gypsy Moths", a romantic drama about a troupe of barnstorming skydivers and the impact they have on a small midwestern town. The celebration of Americana starred Frankenheimer regular Burt Lancaster, reuniting him with "From Here to Eternity" co-star Deborah Kerr, and also featured Gene Hackman. The film failed to find an audience, but Frankenheimer always stated that it was one of his personal favorites.

He followed this film with "Walk the Line" in 1970. The film, starring Gregory Peck and Tuesday Weld, about a Tennessee sheriff who falls in love with a moonshiner's daughter, was set to songs by Johnny Cash. Frankenheimer's next project took him to Afghanistan. "The Horseman" focused on the relationship between a father and son, played by Jack Palance and Omar Sharif. Sharif's character, an expert horseman, played the Afghan national sport of buzkashi.

His next film "Impossible Object", also known as "Story of a Love Story", suffered distribution difficulties, and was not widely released. He followed this in 1973 with a four-hour film of O'Neill's "The Iceman Cometh", starring Lee Marvin and the San Francisco-set "99 and 44/100 Per Cent Dead" a crime black comedy starring Richard Harris.

With his fluent French and knowledge of the culture, Frankenheimer was next asked to direct "French Connection II", set entirely in Marseille. Starring Gene Hackman, the film was a major success and got Frankenheimer his next job, "Black Sunday" in 1976.

"Black Sunday", based on author Thomas Harris's only non-Hannibal Lecter novel, involves an Israeli Mossad agent (Robert Shaw), chasing a Palestinian terrorist (Marthe Keller) and a disgruntled Vietnam vet (Bruce Dern) who plan to blow up the Goodyear blimp over the Super Bowl. It was shot on location at the actual "Super Bowl X" in January 1976 in Miami, with the use of a real Goodyear blimp. The film tested very highly, and Paramount and Frankenheimer had high expectations for it. When it failed to become the hit that was expected, Frankenheimer has admitted he developed a serious problem with alcohol.

He is quoted in Charles Champlin's biography as saying that his alcohol problem caused him to do work that was below his own standards on his next film, 1979's "Prophecy", an ecological monster movie about a mutant grizzly bear terrorizing a forest in Maine.

1980s

The director's output lessened considerably after this film. In the next fifteen years, he only directed seven films. He was even forced to direct a lowbrow cop film called "Dead Bang" in 1989 starring Don Johnson. In 1990, Frankenheimer returned to his forte of the cold war political thriller when he made "The Fourth War". This film starred Roy Scheider as a loose cannon Army colonel drawn into a dangerous personal war with a Russian officer.

1990s

Frankenheimer was able to make a comeback in the 1990s by returning to television. He directed two films for HBO in 1994: "Against the Wall" and "The Burning Season" that won him several awards and renewed acclaim. The director also helmed two films for Turner Network Television in 1996 and 1997, "Andersonville" and "George Wallace" that were highly praised. He even acted for the first time, playing a desperate U.S. General in "The General's Daughter" (1999) in a crucial cameo appearance.

His 1996 film "The Island of Dr. Moreau", which he took over a few weeks into production from Richard Stanley, was the cause of countless stories of production woes and personality clashes, and received scathing reviews. It was said that the veteran director could not stand Val Kilmer, the young star of the film. When Kilmer's last scene was completed it was reported that Frankenheimer said "Now get that bastard off my set". In an interview, Frankenheimer refused to discuss the film saying only that he had a miserable time making it. However, his next film, 1998's "Ronin", starring Robert De Niro, was a return to form, featuring Frankenheimer's now trademark elaborate car chases woven into a labyrinthine espionage plot.

2000s

His last theatrical film, 2000's "Reindeer Games", starring Ben Affleck, underperformed, but his final film, "Path to War" for HBO in 2002, brought him back to his strengths - political machinations, 1960s America and character-based drama, and was nominated for numerous awards.

He was scheduled to direct a prequel to "The Exorcist" but died suddenly in Los Angeles, California, from a stroke due to complications following spinal surgery at the age of 72, shortly before filming started.

Despite the many celebrated films he directed, many of which won Academy Awards in various categories, Frankenheimer was never nominated for a Best Director Oscar.

Filmography

*"The Young Stranger" (1957)
* "The Young Savages" (1961)
* "All Fall Down" (1962)
* "Birdman of Alcatraz" (1962)
* "The Manchurian Candidate" (1962)
* "Seven Days in May" (1964)
* "The Train" (1965)
* "Seconds" (1966)
* "Grand Prix" (1966)
* "The Fixer" (1968)
* "The Extraordinary Seaman" (1969)
* "The Gypsy Moths" (1969)
* "I Walk the Line" (1970)
* "The Horseman" (1971)
* "The Iceman Cometh" (1973)
* "Impossible Object" (1973)
* "99 and 44/100% Dead" (1974)
* "French Connection II" (1975)
* "Black Sunday" (1977)
* "Prophecy" (1979)
* "The Rainmaker" (HBO 1982)
* "The Challenge" (1982)
* "The Holcroft Covenant" (1985)
* "52 Pick-up" (1986)
* "Dead Bang" (1989)
* "The Fourth War" (1990)
* "Year of the Gun" (1991)
* "Against the Wall" (HBO 1994)
* "The Burning Season" (HBO 1994)
* "Andersonville" (TNT 1996)
* "The Island of Dr. Moreau" (1996)
* "George Wallace" (TNT 1997)
* "Ronin" (1998)
* "Reindeer Games" (2000)
* "The Hire (BMW Short Movie) - Ambush" (2002)
* "Path to War" (HBO 2002)

References

*Mitchell, Lisa, Thiede, Karl, and Champlin, Charles (1995). "John Frankenheimer: A Conversation With Charles Champlin" (Riverwood Press). ISBN 9781880756096.

External links

*imdb name|id=0001239|name=John Frankenheimer
*http://opsroom.org/pages/intelligence/frankenheimer.html
*http://www.sensesofcinema.com/contents/directors/06/frankenheimer.html
*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Db-zBz47CUg

Persondata
NAME= Frankenheimer, John
ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Frankenheimer, John Michael
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Film director
DATE OF BIRTH= 1930-2-19
PLACE OF BIRTH= New York City, New York, USA
DATE OF DEATH= 2002-7-6
PLACE OF DEATH= Los Angeles, California, USA