Chlorine pentafluoride

Chlorine pentafluoride
Identifiers
CAS number	13637-63-3
PubChem	61654
RTECS number	FO2975000
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES FCl(F)(F)(F)F
InChI InChI=InChI=1S/ClF5/c2-1(3,4,5)6
Properties
Molecular formula	ClF5
Molar mass	130.445 g mol−1
Appearance	colorless gas
Density	4.5 g/cm3
Melting point	−103 °C
Boiling point	−13.1 °C
Solubility in water	hydrolyzes
Structure
Molecular shape	Square pyramidal
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfHo298	−238.49 kJ mol−1
Standard molar entropy So298	310.73 J K−1 mol−1
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Chlorine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with formula ClF₅. It was first synthesized in 1963.^[1]

Its square pyramidal structure with C_4v symmetry was confirmed by its high resolution¹⁹F NMR spectrum.^[2]

Preparation

Initially, a common method for synthesis of this hypervalent molecule was to react ClF₃ with F₂ at high temperatures and high pressures. Also, reacting metal fluorides, MClF₄ (i.e. KClF₄, RbClF₄, CsClF₄) with F₂ produced ClF₅ and the corresponding MF.^[1] In 1981, researchers found that NiF₂ is an excellent catalyst for generating ClF₅.^[3]

Reactions

ClF₅ reacts violently with water to produce FClO₄ and HF.^[4] It is also a strong fluorinating agent. While unreactive with first row nonmetals except carbon and boron, it reacts readily with second and third row nonmetals at room temperature except chlorine.^[2]

See also

• Hypervalent molecule

References

1. ^ Smith D. F. (1963). "Chlorine Pentafluoride". Science 141 (3585): 1039–1040. doi:10.1126/science.141.3585.1039. PMID 17739492. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Pilipovich, D., Maya, W., Lawton, E.A., Bauer, H.F., Sheehan, D. F., Ogimachi, N. N., Wilson, R. D., Gunderloy, F. C., Bedwell, V. E. (1967). "Chlorine pentafluoride. Preparation and Properties". Inorganic Chemistry 6 (10): 1918. doi:10.1021/ic50056a036. 
3. ^ Šmalc, A., Žemva, B., Slivnik, J., and Lutar K. (1981). "On the Synthesis of Chlorine Pentafluoride". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 17 (4): 381–383. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(00)81783-2. 
4. ^ Pradyot Patnaik (2007). A comprehensive guide to the hazardous properties of chemical substances (3rd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. pp. 478–479. ISBN 0471714585. 

External links

• National Pollutant Inventory - Fluoride and compounds fact sheet
• WebBook page for ClF5