Kiai

infobox martial art term
pic = Judo01cropped.jpg
picc

kanji = 気合
hiragana = きあい
revhep = kiai
hangul = 기합
hanja = 氣合
rr = kihap
mr = k'ihapNihongo|Kiai|気合 (pronounced key-eye) is a Japanese term used in martial arts. There are numerous examples of the battle cry in other cultures: kiai is perhaps primarily a development of this. In the representation of Asian martial arts in cinema and in animated cartoons, Kiai are often written as Hi-yah!, Aiyah!, or Hyah!. In the board game "Go" the term describes fighting spirit - see go terms for this use.

Use in martial arts

In martial arts, the term commonly refers to a short yell before or during a fight or technique. Korean martial arts may call this sound a Yatz or Kihap (기합). In bujutsu (Japanese arts of war), it is usually linked to an inner gathering of energy released in a single explosive focus of will.Students of martial arts such as aikido, karate, kendo, taekwondo or judo (or related arts such as taiko drumming) use kiai when executing a technique. It also refers to the shout that accompanies some techniques when performing kata. Kiaijutsu is the Japanese art of using kiai when performing martial arts.

The proper use of kiaijutsu involves concentrating on the use of one's "ki" more than it does shouting. A sound is just an audible indication of good kiai (aligned body structure, focused intent, and good breathing). Kiai can be a silent; [ [http://www.jkasv.com/articles/articlesmain_files/archive-37.html Silent Kiai] ] coordination of breath with activity. A relaxed and powerful exhalation can add power to movement. This may be more accurately referred to as kokyu power. Kokyu and kiai are sometimes used interchangeably. The term kokyu, most often translated as breath power in English, is essentially the same as Chinese nei jin. It is the ability to coordinate breathing with the execution of a jin movement which is important.

The noise from a kiai is said to arise from the hara or dantien: it involves the abdominal muscles and diaphragm and should not be sounded merely from the throat. [ [http://www.kodenkan.com/success.html Kiai emission] ]

As well as the above, the kiai can be used to:

* startle and demoralize your enemy.
* prime yourself for combat, by "amping yourself up."
* protect the upper body from a strike by providing an escape route for exhalation of air.
* protect the lower body by rapidly contracting the transverse abdominals and other core muscles, shielding the internal organs.
* provide solid abdominal support for striking techniques.

Etymology

Kiai appears to be a compound of "ki" (気) meaning mind, breath or spirit and "ai"(合, 合い), a stem of the verb "awasu" (合わす), "to unite"; therefore literally "concentrated or united spirit". However, Frederick John Lovret notes, "One should note that ai, the conjunctive stem of the verb au, does not mean "to join" in this case: when used in the second position of a compound word, ai becomes an emphatic marker. Kiai, therefore, should be translated as "spirit!", not "spirit-joined". [ [http://www.heiwadojo.net/Honshin%20articles/aikijutsu.htm Kiai definition] ] .

Kiai and aiki

The two terms Kiai and aiki use the same kanji (transposed) and can be thought of as the inner and the outer aspect of the same principle. [ [http://www.8ung.at/aikikai-wien/eprinzip.htm Kiai vs aiki] ] Some martial arts schools use the term interchangeably. Otherwise Kiai relates to the manifestation, emission or projection of ones own energy (internal strength), while Aiki relates to the coordination of one's energy with the energy of an external source. Thus kiai is the expression or projection of our own, internal energy while aiki is coordination with an attacker's energy.

This usage of kiai as internal strength, or using one's ki [ [http://www.kodenkan.com/success.html Using one's Ki] ] is often found in aiki arts such as aikijujutsu and aikido. [ [http://www.kodenkan.com/sktrib.html Use in aiki arts] ] In some schools such as the Ki Society, 'keeping one point' (awareness or centredness in the dantian) is described as kiai. [ [http://www.ki-society.org.uk/articles/relaxation.shtml Kiai as 'Keeping One Point'] ]

References

ources

* E.J. Harrison, "The Fighting Spirit of Japan" Overlook TP; Reprint edition (1988) ISBN 0-87951-154-0
* Forrest E. Morgan, "Living the Martial Way: A Manual for the Way a Modern Warrior Should Think",Barricade Books, 1992, ISBN 0-942637-76-3

External links

* [http://www.shotokanforeveryone.com/kiai.htm A page on the kiai]
* [http://www.aikidojournal.com/article.php?articleID=153 Aiki: A State of Union by Ellis Amdur]