Band Aid (band)

Band Aid was a British and Irish charity supergroup, founded in 1984 by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure in order to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia by releasing the record "Do They Know It's Christmas?" for the Christmas market. The single surpassed the hopes of the producers to become the Christmas number one on that release. Two subsequent re-recordings of the song to raise further money for charity also topped the charts. The original was produced by Midge Ure. The 12" version was mixed by Trevor Horn.

Background

The name 'Band Aid' was chosen as a pun on the name of a well known brand of adhesive bandage, also referring to musicians working as a "band" to provide "aid" and alluding to the fact that any help stemming from their efforts is likened to a band-aid on a very serious wound.

The group has reformed on three occasions, each time from the most successful British and Irish pop music performers of the time, to record the same song at the same time of year.

Original Band Aid

Chronology (1984)

The original 1984 Feed The World logo was based on a pencil sketch by Bob Geldof after watching a BBC television news report by Michael Buerk from famine-stricken Ethiopia. Geldof was so moved by the plight of starving children that he decided to try and raise money using his contacts in pop music.

Geldof enlisted the help of Midge Ure, from the group Ultravox, to help produce a charity record. Ure took Geldof's lyrics, and created the melody and backing track for the record. Geldof called many of the most popular British and Irish performers of the time (Kool & The Gang and Jody Watley were the only Americans present at the original recording), persuading them to give their time free. His one criterion for selection was how famous they were, in order to maximise sales of the record. He then kept an appointment to appear on a show on BBC Radio 1, with Richard Skinner, but instead of promoting the new Boomtown Rats material as planned, he announced the plan for Band Aid.

The recording studio gave Band Aid no more than 24 free hours to record and mix the record, on 25 November, 1984. The recording took place between 11am and 7pm, and was filmed by director Nigel Dick to be released as the pop video though some basic tracks had been recorded the day before at Midge Ure's home studio. The first tracks to be recorded were the group / choir choruses which were filmed by the international press. The footage was rushed to newsrooms where it aired while the remainder of the recording process continued. Later drums by Phil Collins were recorded, including the memorable opening 'African Drum' beat. But in reality, the introduction of the song features a slowed down sample from a Tears for Fears' track called "The Hurting", released in 1983. Tony Hadley, of Spandau Ballet, was the first to record his vocal, while a section sung by Status Quo was deemed unusable, and replaced with section comprising Paul Weller, Sting, and Glenn Gregory. Paul Young has since admitted, in a documentary, that he knew his opening lines were written for David Bowie, who was not able to make the recording but made a contribution to the B-side (Bowie performed his lines at the Live Aid concert the following year). Boy George arrived last at 6pm, after Geldof woke him up by 'phone to have him flown over from New York on Concorde to record his solo part. (At the time Culture Club was in the middle of a US tour.)

The following morning, Geldof appeared on the Radio 1 breakfast show with Mike Read, to promote the record further and promise that every penny would go to the cause. This led to a stand-off with the British Government, who refused to waive the VAT on the sales of the single. Geldof made the headlines by publicly standing up to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and, sensing the strength of public feeling, the government backed down and donated the tax back to the charity.

The record was released on 29 November, and went straight to No. 1 in the UK singles chart, outselling all the other records in the chart put together. It became the fastest- selling single of all time in the UK, selling a million copies in the first week alone. It stayed at No. 1 for five weeks, selling over three million copies and becoming easily the biggest-selling single of all time in the UK. It has since been surpassed by Elton John's "Candle In The Wind 1997" (his tribute to Diana, Princess of Wales) but it is likely to keep selling in different versions for many years to come.

After Live Aid, "Do They Know It's Christmas?" was re-released in late 1985 in a set that included a special-edition 'picture disc' version, modeled after the Live Aid logo with 'Band' in place of 'Live'. An added bonus, "One Year On" (a statement from Geldof and Ure on the telephone) was available as a b-side. "One Year On" can also be found in transcript form in a booklet which was included in the DVD set of Live Aid, the first disc of which features the BBC news report, as well as the Band Aid video.

Participants

The original Band Aid ensemble consisted of (in sleeve order):
* Phil Collins (Genesis)
* Bob Geldof (The Boomtown Rats)
* Steve Norman (Spandau Ballet)
* Chris Williams (Iron Static Overdrive)
* Chris Cross (Ultravox)
* John Taylor (Duran Duran)
* Paul Young
* Tony Hadley (Spandau Ballet)
* Glenn Gregory (Heaven 17)
* Simon Le Bon (Duran Duran)
* Simon Crowe (The Boomtown Rats)
* Marilyn
* Keren Woodward (Bananarama)
* Martin Kemp (Spandau Ballet)
* Jody Watley (Shalamar)
* Bono (U2)
* Pinky and Perky
* Adam Clayton (U2)
* Paul Weller (The Style Council, and previously The Jam)
* James "J.T." Taylor (Kool & The Gang)
* George Michael (Wham!)
* Midge Ure (Ultravox)
* Martyn Ware (Heaven 17)
* John Keeble (Spandau Ballet)
* Gary Kemp (Spandau Ballet)
* Roger Taylor (Duran Duran)
* Sarah Dallin (Bananarama)
* Siobhan Fahey (Bananarama)
* Sting (The Police)
* Pete Briquette (The Boomtown Rats)
* Francis Rossi (Status Quo)
* Robert 'Kool' Bell (Kool & The Gang)
* Dennis Thomas (Kool & The Gang)
* Andy Taylor (Duran Duran)
* Jon Moss (Culture Club, former member of Adam and the Ants)
* Rick Parfitt (Status Quo)
* Nick Rhodes (Duran Duran)
* Johnny Fingers (The Boomtown Rats)
* David Bowie (who contributed via a recording that was mailed to Geldof and then dubbed onto the single)
* Boy George (Culture Club)
* Holly Johnson (Frankie Goes to Hollywood)
* Paul McCartney (Wings and The Beatles, who contributed via a recording that was mailed to Geldof and then dubbed onto the single)
* Stuart Adamson (Big Country)
* Bruce Watson (Big Country)
* Tony Butler (Big Country)
* Mark Brzezicki (Big Country)

The sleeve artist, Peter Blake, was also credited on the sleeve.

Band Aid II

This version, released in 1989, was produced by British songwriting and production team formed of Mike Stock, Matt Aitken and Pete Waterman known as Stock Aitken Waterman. The only artists from the original Band Aid to be featured again on this version were Sara Dallin and Keren Woodward of Bananarama. This version topped the UK Singles Chart for three weeks, but ultimately achieved far less historical significance and status than its predecessor.

Production

On Friday 1st December 1989, Bob Geldof called Pete Waterman to ask if he would consider producing a new version of the song featuring the big stars of the time. Waterman immediately cancelled his wedding (planned for that very day) and began calling up the artists. With just two days' notice, on Sunday 3rd December, recording took place at PWL Studios in South London. Present in the studio was Bob Geldof, wife Paula Yates and six-year-old daughter, Fifi Trixiebelle, who was eager to meet Jason Donovan.

Production continued through the Monday, and by Tuesday 5th December the song was aired for the first time on London's Capital Radio. Advance sales of the record reached 500,000 and a number 1 was inevitable. The song was released the following week on 11th December and spent three weeks at number one, becoming the 9th biggest selling song of the year, outselling Madonna's "Like a Prayer".

Participants

The line up for the Band Aid II project consisted of (in alphabetical order):
*Mary, Audrey & Roger Andrew Taylor
*Bananarama
*Big Fun
*Bros
*Cathy Dennis
*D Mob
*Jason Donovan
*Kevin Godley
*Glen Goldsmith
*Rolf Harris
*Kylie Minogue
*The Pasadenas
*Chris Rea
*Cliff Richard
*Jimmy Somerville
*Sonia
*Lisa Stansfield
*Technotronic
*Wet Wet Wet

Band Aid 20

The Band Aid 20 single was first played simultaneously on the "The Chris Moyles Show" (on BBC Radio 1) and the breakfast shows on Virgin and Capital radio, at 8am on 16 November, 2004. The video was first broadcast in the UK simultaneously over multiple channels, including the five UK terrestrial channels, at 5.55pm on 18 November, 2004, with an introduction by Madonna.

British artist Damien Hirst designed an intimidating cover for the Band Aid 20 single, featuring the grim reaper and a starving African child. However, this was later dropped after fears that it might scare children. The single was released on 29 November, 2004, with all money raised going toward famine relief in the Darfur region of Sudan.

One of the new ways to buy the song, by downloading it from the Internet, hit a problem when Apple Computer's iTunes Music Store initially refused to supply it, due to their fixed-pricing policy. A partial solution was reached after a few days, enabling UK users to download the song at the standard iTunes price, with Apple donating an extra amount (equivalent to the price difference) to the Band Aid Trust.

The CD version sold over 200,000 copies in the first week, and became the fastest-selling single of the year.

Participants

Organisers and producers:
*Midge Ure – organizer
*Nigel Godrich (Radiohead, Travis, Beck, Paul McCartney) and Bob Geldof – producers.

Instruments:
*Danny Goffey (Supergrass) – drums
*Thom Yorke (Radiohead) – piano
*Jonny Greenwood (Radiohead) – guitar
*Sir Paul McCartney – bass guitar
*Fran Healy (Travis) – guitar
*Justin Hawkins (The Darkness) – guitar
*Dan Hawkins (The Darkness) – guitar
*Charlie Simpson (Busted/Fightstar) – guitar

Vocals:
*Bono (U2)
*Fran Healy (Travis)
*Daniel Bedingfield
*Natasha Bedingfield
*Sugababes (Keisha Buchanan, Mutya Buena, Heidi Range)
*Vishal Das
*James Bourne (Busted (band), Son of Dork)
*Busted
*Chris Martin (Coldplay)
*Dido – performed separately from a studio in Melbourne
*Dizzee Rascal – the only artist to add lyrics to the song
*Ms Dynamite
*Skye Edwards (Morcheeba)
*Estelle
*Neil Hannon (The Divine Comedy)
*Jamelia
*Justin Hawkins
*Tom Chaplin (Keane)
*Tim Rice-Oxley (Keane)
*Tim Wheeler (Ash)
*Beverley Knight
*Lemar
*Shaznay Lewis (All Saints)
*Katie Melua
*Róisín Murphy (Moloko)
*Feeder
*Snow Patrol
*Rachel Stevens
*Joss Stone
*The Thrills
*Turin Brakes
*Robbie Williams – performed separately from a studio in Los Angeles
*Will Young

Bono, Paul McCartney and George Michael were the only artists from the original Band Aid who had been asked back to lend their voices to Band Aid 20. There was a reported dispute over the line 'Tonight thank God it's them, instead of you', which Bono sang on the original version. Justin Hawkins, of The Darkness, laid down a version of the line, but Bono insisted on re-recording his version, which was eventually used on the record.

Although he wasn't invited, Blur's frontman and songwriter Damon Albarn, wanted to assist. Bono advised him to make tea. 'I asked him to make the tea,' the U2 frontman explained to Xfm, 'I saw him on Thursday night. He said "I don't know what to do." I said, "Make tea." He said "You really think so?" I said, "Yeah, make tea!"' Albarn quite happily responded, and thus served biscuits and tea for the participants, as well as appearing briefly in the video, at which Bono 'fatherly' commented: 'Good on him. I always knew that boy would turn out good in the end.'

The single sold 72,000 copies in the first 24 hours when it was released on 29 November, 2004, and went straight in at No. 1 in the UK charts on 5 December 2004. It stayed at No. 1 for Christmas and the week after, all in all holding onto the top spot for four weeks, one week shorter than the original had done in 1984. Sales for the song held steady of the course of its number 1 run - selling about 250,000 each week - a million for its 4 week run. In total it sold more than 1.1 million copies, to become one of the UK's best selling singles of the new millennium.

Who sings what on each version

Most of the people involved in the original Band Aid single appeared on the 1984 Christmas edition of "Top of the Pops" to mime to the record. However Bono could not attend, which led to the spectacle of Paul Weller miming to Bono's line.

1984 musicians

* John Taylor (Duran Duran) - bass
* Phil Collins (Genesis) - drums
* Midge Ure (Ultravox) - keyboards
* Gary Kemp (Spandau Ballet) - guitar
* Jens Langhorn - additional drums
* Adam Clayton (U2) - bass

1989 musicians

*Mike Stock - keyboards
*Matt Aitken - keyboards & guitar
*Chris Rea - guitar
*Luke Goss (Bros) - drums

2004 musicians

*Paul McCartney - bass
*Danny Goffey (Supergrass) - drums
*Thom Yorke (Radiohead) - piano
*Jonny Greenwood (Radiohead) - guitar
*Fran Healy (Travis) - guitar
*Justin Hawkins (The Darkness) - guitar
*Dan Hawkins (The Darkness) - guitar
*Charlie Simpson (Busted) - guitar

Related projects

The Band Aid project inspired other charity records around the world, including "We Are the World" by "USA for Africa" (in the United States), "Cantaré Cantarás" by Hermanos (in Latin America), "Nackt im Wind" by "Band für Afrika" (in Germany), "Ethiopie" by "Chanteurs Sans Frontiere" (in France), "Tears Are Not Enough" by "Northern Lights" (in Canada), "Sammen for Livet" by "Forente Artister" (in Norway), "Za Milion Godina" by "YU Rock Misija" (in the former Yugoslavia), "Stars" by "Hear 'n Aid" (international heavy metal artists), "Afrika" written by Nanna with various Danish artists, and many others.

A compilation of video games for the ZX Spectrum was published under the name Soft Aid. It also featured a recording of the "Do They Know It's Christmas?" single. [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0011356]

Parodies

* A 2002 song by Pulp, "Bad Cover Version", featured a video parodying Band Aid, utilizing musician impersonators, in the Sarm studios. Impersonators included 'Mick Jagger', 'Robbie Williams', 'Liam Gallagher', 'Noel Gallagher', 'Cher', 'Björk', 'George Michael', 'Phil Collins', 'Sir Paul McCartney', 'Bono', 'David Bowie', 'Rod Stewart', 'Craig David', 'Beyoncé Knowles', 'Kylie Minogue', 'Missy Elliott', 'Kurt Cobain', 'Jamiroquai', 'Meat Loaf', 'Elton John', and 'Tom Jones', plus Jarvis Cocker himself appearing and impersonating Brian May; all the lines of the song in the video were performed by impersonators themselves, singing in the voices of their stars.
* In October 2005, Vice Records released a song entitled "Do They Know It's Hallowe'en?" by a collective consisting of many well-known musicians from the independent music scene, going under the label of the North American Halloween Prevention Initiative (NAHPI); proceeds from the single were donated to Unicef.
* In Christmas 2004, local Bristol, England radio station "GWR FM" did a parody of the song, for local charities, entitled "Feed The Wurzels: Bristolian Band Aid.", it was, and still is available for download from the Bristol GWR FM website, and featured the GWR Radio presenters, along with celebrities such as Tony Robinson and Jack Nicholson.
* The 2004 comedy film Shaun of the Dead featured Chris Martin on a British TV talk show wearing a shirt promoting "Zomb-Aid".
* On the radio station VCPR in , which takes place in the 1980s, it is announced that the musical community had written a song for charity to be played for the people of Alaska, entitled "Do They Know It's the Fourth of July?"
* In episode 8F11 of The Simpsons, "Radio Bart", when Bart pretends to be stuck down a well, Krusty, along with the help of Sting and other celebrities, organizes a charity single, "We're Sending Our Love Down The Well", with distinct similarities to "Do They Know It's Christmas?" and USA for Africa's "We Are the World"
*Band Aid's exploits were parodied in an episode of "Futurama", where famous celebrities gather together for 'Bend Aid', a Live Aid-style event designed to help broken robots and South Park for 'Chef Aid'.

Criticism

Claims of self-righteousness

In 1986, the anarchist band Chumbawamba released the album "Pictures of Starving Children Sell Records", as well as an EP entitled "We Are the World", jointly recorded with US band A State of Mind, both of which were intended as anti-capitalist critiques of the Band Aid/Live Aid phenomenon. They argued that the record was primarily a cosmetic spectacle, designed to draw attention away from the real political causes of world hunger.

Morrissey talking about the first Do They Know It's Christmas?:'I'm not afraid to say that I think Band Aid was diabolical. Or to say that I think Bob Geldof is a nauseating character. Many people find that very unsettling, but I'll say it as loud as anyone wants me to. In the first instance the record itself was absolutely tuneless. One can have great concern for the people of Ethiopia, but it's another thing to inflict daily torture on the people of England. It was an awful record considering the mass of talent involved. And it wasn't done shyly it was the most self-righteous platform ever in the history of popular music.' citequote|date=July 2008

View of Africa

The song presents a very bleak view of Africa, which the lyrics appear to refer to as a whole. Some of these, such as the suggestions (if read literally) that the continent has no rainfall or successful crops, have been seen as absurd by critics. [http://za.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/thirdeye/t260053.htm] [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/robert_crampton/article4296313.ece] . At the time of the 2004 release, the World Development Movement spoke out on this issue, describing the lyrics as "patronising, false and out of date", although there was no attempt to discourage purchase of the song. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/4015231.stm]

References

External links

*UK charity|292199|Band Aid Charitable Trust
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0L3OP4MkWW8 Documentary: Making of Band Aid] Part I
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EbWz2Z6TAJQ Documentary: Making of Band Aid] Part II
*MusicBrainz artist|id=0ecaa896-58fa-4dca-b53d-8da7bc5f59c5|name=Band Aid