Korean immigration to Hawaii

Korean immigration to Hawaii

Two distinct waves of Korean immigration to Hawaii have occurred in the last century. The first cohort arrived in Hawaii between 1903 and 1924; the second wave began in 1965. On January 13, 2003, President George W. Bush recognized the contributions of Korean Americans to the nation in a special proclamation honoring the Centennial of Korean Immigration to the United States.

Origins

Koreans' voyage just completed for their immigration to Hawaii at the dawn on January 13, 1903. When the SS Gaelic steamed into Honolulu Harbor from Korea,the group was diverse in age and background and included fifty-six men recruited as laborers for sugar plantations located on various island in the Territory of Hawai'i', as well as twenty-one women and twenty-five children. Within two years of their arrival the number of Koreans who had migrated to Hawaii grew to more than 7,000.Chang and Patterson 2003, pp. vii-ix ]

Land of Morning Calm

In the early century of its history, Korea was introduced to the world as the "Land of the Morning Calm" by many foreign visitors to Korea. Now and then, the symbolic expression represents Korea and Korean people (Koreans) are the hermit and its people who love peace and nature. Koreans are always proud of their beautiful land and country as well as their own origins.

The Beginnings of Koreans in America

The first large immigration of Koreans with passports to live in America occurred between 1903 and 1905. There were 7,226 immigrants disembarking from 65 ship arrivals: 6,048 were men, 637 were women, and 541 were children.Many of the early immigrants had had some contract with American missionaries in Korea. For some Western-oriented Korean intellectuals, immigrating to the United States was considered useful in part to help them in the modernization of their homeland.Consequently, the recruiter for laborers for the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association (HSPA), David Deshler, had no trouble finding Koreans from a wide range of social classes willing to sail to Hawai'i.Chang and Patterson 2003]

Decades of New Hope, Hardships and Barriers

Within a century the Korean population in America exploded from seven thousands to about two million. They came from Korea--Old Korea--known as the Hermit Kingdom or the Land of the Morning Calm or Choson or Josun. These names conjure up images of a one-thousand-year-old kingdom. Yet, one hundred years ago when the first Koreans came to Hawai'i, The Hermit Kingdom was not ancient history for the settlers, but a living heritage.Chang and Patterson 2003, pp. 1-10]

King Gojong (1852-1919) reigned in Korea at the time of the first migration to America and played a crucial part in the lives of Koreans abroad. Christian missionaries had found their way to Korea during King Gojong's reign. By the 1890s, American missionaries were the most influemtial in the Christianizing of Korea. Dr. Horace Allen, missionary-turned-diplomat, wasembroiled in Korean politics and in effect was the reprensentative for American trade. The missionaries brought not only Christianity, but also capitalism, Western learning, and Western culture. Many of the immigrants had converted to Christianity.

Protestant evangelism in Korea was predominantly Methodist and Presbyterian. The two Protestant groups decided not to overlap their evangelizing activities; it was agreed among the Protestants that the Methodist mission in Hawai'i would minister to the Korean immigrants.

Korea's first formal treaty with America was in May 1882, the decade when most of the early Korean immigrants to Hawai'i were born. The treaty was preceded by America's forgotten "little war" of bloody exchanges between the two countries. The little-known episode in American history involved a heavily armed American ship, the "Colorado", entering Korean waters and landing its soldiers on Ganghwa Island. A battle ensued in which more than three hundred Koreans and three American soldiers were killed.

The Americans later returned pursuing a treaty, resulting in the Treaty of Amity and Commerce in 1882. Among other things, the treaty contained a provision allowing Korean immigration to America. The first group of immigrants came from Rev. George Heber Jones' Methodist parish in Jemulpo (Inchon).

*Immigrants prior to 1903: Historical statistics of Hawai'i indicate there were sixteen Koreans in the Territory of Hawai'i in 1902. Some are said to have been ginseng merchants in disguise who came using Chinese passports. One of these ginseng merchants was Choo Eun Yang, who came to Hawai'i and transmigrated to San Francisco around 1898. He became active in the Korean community there, became prosperous, and lived to the age of 102. Among other immigrants, Sung Pong Chang worked for the Circuit Court of Hawai'i and for the Honolulu Police Department as an interpreter until he died in 1949.

*Four famous Korean immigrants: Dr. Philip Jaisohn (1866-1951), Dr. Syngman Rhee (1875-1965), Dosan Ahn Chang Ho (1878-1938), and Young Man Pak (1877-1928). See also "List of notable Korean Americans in Hawaii".

A New Beginning

List of notable Korean Americans in Hawaii

Philip Jaisohn

Dr. Philip Jaisohn (1866-1951)

yngman Rhee

Dr. Syngman Rhee (1875-1965)

Dosan Ahn Chang Ho

Dosan Ahn Chang Ho (1878-1938)

Young Man Pak

Young Man Pak (1877-1928)

Herbert Young Cho Choy

Herbert Young Cho Choy (born 1916-01-06, Makaweli, Hawaii–2004-03-10) was the first Asian American federal judge in the history of the United States, as well as the first person of Korean ancestry to be admitted to practice law in the United States.

He was born in 1916 to Korean immigrants who worked in Hawaii's sugar plantations. Choy received his BA from the University of Hawaii in 1938; and his JD from the Harvard Law School in 1941. He was the first person of Korean ancestry to be admitted to practice law in the United States.

From 1946 to 1947, Choy worked as Army Judge Advocate General. After leaving the service he began work with the private law firm of Fong Miho Choy & Robinson from 1947 to 1957, where one of his partners was the future U.S. Senator Hiram Fong.

From 1957 to 1958, Choy served as attorney general for the Territory of Hawaii. In 1971, at the urging of Senator Fong, President Richard Nixon appointed Choy to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. At the time of Choy's appointment, there were no Asian Americans serving anywhere on the federal bench. Choy was the first individual from Hawaiʻ'i ever appointed to the court.

Choy actively served until 1984, when he took senior status. He was a native of the Hawaiian island of Kauai and had chambers in Honolulu. In 2001, one of Choy's former law clerks, Richard R. Clifton, became the second judge from Hawaii to serve on the Ninth Circuit.

Choy authored many significant opinions, upholding the constitutionality of a law allowing child sexual abuse victims to testify via closed-circuit television, allowing a Muslim inmate to sue Phoenix-area jail officials for imposing discriminatory security measures at Muslim services, and upholding California’s “green advertising” law regulating advertisers’ claims about “biodegradable” or “recycled” products.

Daniel Dae Kim

Daniel Dae Kim (born 1968-08-04) is an Korean actor, perhaps best known for playing Jin-Soo Kwon on the television series Lost.Kim or DDK (as most of his fans call him) was born in Busan, South Korea and moved to the United States with his family at the age of two, growing up in Easton, Pennsylvania, in Pennsylvania's Lehigh Valley. Kim is a graduate of Freedom High School in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and Haverford College in Haverford Township, Pennsylvania, where he graduated with a dual major in political science and theatre. His theatre major was completed at the neighboring Bryn Mawr College in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.

Prior to his casting as Jin in Lost, he was probably best known for numerous recurring roles in the genres of science fiction and fantasy. Although his character in Lost speaks mainly in Korean and has almost no ability to speak English, English is actually Daniel's primary language and he is not fluent in Korean. He has been seen in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation as a treasury agent as well as Angel, 24, Star Trek: Voyager, Star Trek: Enterprise, Power Rangers, Crusade,Charmed,The Shield and other shows. He also made guest appearances on Seinfeld, NYPD Blue, and ER. He also had a small part in Spider-Man 2 as a scientist working in Doctor Octavius' laboratory.

Kim was named one of People Magazine's "Sexiest Men Alive" in 2005. Kim is the voice of the character Johnny Gat in the Xbox 360 game Saints Row. He also provided his voice for 24: The Game in which he played his character from the show, Tom Baker. He also provided the voice for Metron in the final two episodes of Justice League Unlimited.

Harry Kim

Harry Kim is the mayor of Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States. He was elected in 2000. Kim grew up in Keaau (also known by its older name of Ola'a). He attended Ola'a School and Hilo High School. He then attended the University of Hawaii at Hilo and Southern Oregon University. He served in the U.S. Army as a medic and was a teacher and coach. Kim was best known for his longtime position as County Director of Civil Defense, a relatively high-profile position which, with his frequent trademark radio broadcasts, gave him broad name recognition as the "Voice of Doom".

After sixteen years as Civil Defense Director, Kim ran for Mayor. The 2000 campaign was noted (like Kim himself) for its humility, refusing to accept any donation over $10, and printing bumper stickers reading "Applicant for Mayor". To run in the election he was required to choose a political party and opted to run as a Republican. Also on the ballot that year was a provision rendering future Hawaii County political races non-partisan. The initiative passed, and Kim has since disavowed his connection to the Republicans. After defeating Republican Harvey Tajiri in the primary, Kim won the general election, receiving 50% of the vote. His opponents, Democrat Fred Holschuh and former Green Party county councilwoman Keiko Bonk received 30 and 20 percent, respectively.

In 2004, Kim ran for a second term, easily defeating a plethora of candidates including Dominic Yagong and "cannabis sacrament" minister Roger Christie. During his time in office, Kim has advocated, among other initiatives, recycling projects and the creation of a new County office complex in the place of the defunct Kaiko'o Mall. In July 2005 Kim announced he was considering running for governor as a Democrat. On July 22 2006, shortly before the filing deadline, he took his name out of consideration.

Ronald T. Y. Moon

Ronald Moon (Korean name: 문대양 born 1940-09-04) is the Chief Justice of the Hawaii State Supreme Court in Honolulu, Hawaii. He served his first term from 1993 to 2003. He is currently serving his second term from 2003 to 2013. Moon studied at Coe College towards bachelor degrees in psychology and sociology. He went on to the University of Iowa where he obtained his doctorate of jurisprudence. He returned to Honolulu in 1965 and became law clerk to United States District Court Judge Martin Pence. He served under Pence for a year. In 1966, Moon joined the staff of the Prosecuting Attorney of Honolulu where he was deputy prosecutor until 1968. He left public service to become a partner in the law firm Libkuman, Ventura, Moon and Ayabe where he stayed until 1982. It was from the law firm that Governor George Ariyoshi appointed Moon to the Hawaii State Judiciary as a circuit court judge. Governor John Waihee then elevated Moon to the office of Associate Justice of the Hawaii State Supreme Court in 1990. In 1993, Moon was once again elevated to become chief justice.

Moon is of Korean descent. His grandparents were among the first Korean immigrants to Hawaii.

Michelle Sung Wie

Michelle Sung Wie (pronounced /ˈwiː/) (Korean Wie Seong-mi Hangul: 위성미 Hanja: 魏聖美, born 1989-10-11) is a Korean-American professional golfer. In 2006, she was named in a Time magazine article, "one of 100 people who shape our world."

Born in Honolulu, Hawaii to Korean-born parents, Wie began playing golf at the age of four. Upon turning professional at age 15 she said, "The first time I grabbed a golf club, I knew that I'd do it for the rest of my life."

In the summer of 2000, at the age of ten, she became the youngest player ever to qualify for the Women's U.S. Amateur Public Links Championship. In 2001, at the age of 11, she won both the Hawaii State Women’s Stroke Play Championship and the Jennie K. Wilson Women’s Invitational, the oldest and most prestigious women’s amateur tournament in Hawaii. Also at age 11, she shot a personal-best 64 from the 5,400-yard tees at the Olomana Golf Links course in Hawaii. That year, Wie became the youngest player to qualify for a USGA amateur championship and advanced into match play at the Women's U.S. Amateur Public Links Championship.

Wie played her first professional event while still an amateur in April 2002. As of May 8, 2008, she had played in a total of 56 professional events as either an amateur or a professional: 43 against women on the LPGA Tour and 13 against men: 7 on the PGA Tour, 2 on the Japan Golf Tour, 1 on the European Tour, 1 on the Asian Tour, 1 on the Nationwide Tour, and 1 on the Canadian Tour.

November 15–17, 2002: Hawaii State Open, Women's Division (Wie's last stroke-play victory) (67-71-70--208 (8 under), 13 strokes over Cindy Rarick)Wie won several other Hawaiian local and junior events during the years 2000 through 2002.

June 17–22, 2003: U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links (Stroke play: 73-71--144 (even par); 18-hole matches: 2&1, 2&1, 5&4, 6&5, 5&4; 36-hole final: 1 up over Virada Nirapathpongporn) She has never won a 72-hole stroke-play event at any level.

BJ Penn

BJ Penn (1978)

Jay Dee "B.J." Penn (born December 13, 1978 in Kailua, Hawaii) is a Korean American professional mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter and Jiu-Jitsu practitioner, currently the Ultimate Fighting Championship lightweight champion. He holds notable wins over former UFC lightweight champion Sean Sherk, former UFC welterweight champion Matt Hughes, former PRIDE FC lightweight champion Takanori Gomi, former UFC lightweight champion Jens Pulver, and current DREAM competitor Caol Uno. His most recent title defense coming over the former champion, Sean Sherk, at UFC 84, which took place on May 24, 2008. He is the first American-born winner of the World Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Championship (Mundial) in the black belt category (2000). Penn is also the former UFC welterweight champion and was a coach on the The Ultimate Fighter 5 reality show. After winning the lightweight title at UFC 80, he became only the second man (with Randy Couture) to win UFC titles in two different weight classes. He is currently ranked by MMAWeekly as the #1 Lightweight fighter in the world.

ee also

*Chinese immigration to Hawaii
*Puerto Rican immigration to Hawaii

Notes

References

*cite book
last = Chang
first = Roberta
authorlink =
coauthors = Wayne Patterson
title = The Koreans in Hawaiokinai: A Pictorial History 1903-2003
publisher = University of Hawaii Press
date = 2003
isbn = 0824826647


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