Order of battle for Convoy PQ 18

Convoy PQ 18 was the last of the PQ/QP series of arctic convoys during World War II, bound from US and British ports via Reykjavik to the White Sea ports of the Soviet Union, particularly Murmansk and Archangel. The convoy sailed on 2 September 1942 and arrived three weeks later on 21 September 1942. It was opposed by German sea and air forces based in occupied Norway.

The convoy comprised 40 merchant ships and 4 naval auxiliaries, plus contingents to and from Iceland (48 in all) and was defended by a close escort and a “Fighting Destroyer Escort”, as well as local escort forces, and two distant escort forces (74 warships in total). These were supported by aircraft of the RAF based in the Soviet Union.

The German forces comprised a U-boat group, code-named "Ice Palace", of 12 U-Boats, and a surface attack force of 8 warships, though in the event these were not engaged. These were assisted by the aircraft of Luftflotte 5.

Allied forces

Merchant ships

Main body (Loch Ewe to Archangel)

Name	Nationality	Cargo	Tonnage	Fate	Casualties	Notes
SS Africander	Panamanian		5,441	Sunk in air attack
MV Atheltemplar	British		8,992	damaged by Loch Ewe
SS Black Ranger	British	Fleet oiler	3,417
SS Campfire	American		5,671
SS Charles R. McCormick	American		6,027
SS Copeland	British	Rescue ship	1,526
SS Dan-Y-Bryn	British		5.117
SS Empire Baffin	British		6,978
SS Empire Beaumont	British		7,044	Sunk in air attack
SS Empire Morn	British	CAM ship	7,092
Comm EK Boddam-Whetham
SS Oligarch	British	Oiler	6,894			joined from Spitzbergen[2] group
SS Oliver Ellsworth	American		7,191	Sunk by Soviet		2,352			joined from Reykjavik
SS Exford	American		4,969			"
SS Komiles	Soviet		3,966			"
SS Petrovski	Soviet		3,771			"
SS Richard Bassett	American		7,191	engine trouble[3]		joined from, returned to, Reykjavik
SS Stalingrad	Soviet		3,559	Sunk by edit] Escorts First stage Local escort group Name Class Navy Date joined Date departed Notes Royal Navy 2 Sep 42 8 Sep 42 joined Heavy Cover Force A/S trawler Royal Navy 2 Sep 42 8 Sep 42 to Reykjavik as escort destroyer Royal Navy 7 Sept 42 21 Sep 42 Cdr AB Russell SOE HMS Achates destroyer RN 7 Sept 42 21 Sep 42   HMS Amazon destroyer RN 7 Sept 42 21 Sep 42   Flower class corvette RN 7 Sept 42 21 Sep 42   HMS Bryony Flower class corvette RN 7 Sept 42 21 Sep 42   HMS Bluebell Flower class corvette RN 7 Sept 42 21 Sep 42   HMS Camellia Flower class corvette RN 7 Sept 42 21 Sep 42   A/S trawler RN 7 Sept 42 21 Sep 42   minesweeper RN 7 Sept 42 21 Sep 42   Escort carrier Royal Navy 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   Hunt class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   Dido class cruiser Royal Navy 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42 flagship R Adm. "Bob" Burnett HMS Onslow O class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   Tribal class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   HMS Eskimo Tribal class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   HMS Somali Tribal class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   HMS Tartar Tribal class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   HMS Milne M class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   HMS Marne M class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   HMS Martin M class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   HMS Meteor M class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   HMS Faulknor F class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   HMS Fury F class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   HMS Impulsive I class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   HMS Intrepid I class destroyer RN 9 Sept 42 17 Sep 42   Second stage Eastern local escort group Name Class Navy Date joined Date departed Notes Gnevny class destroyer Soviet Northern Fleet 17 Sep 42 22 Sep 42   Orfey class destroyer Soviet Northern Fleet 17 Sep 42 22 Sep 42   Minesweeper Royal Navy 17 Sep 42 22 Sep 42   County class cruiser Royal Navy 14 Sep 42 22 Sep 42 flagship V Adm. S Bonham-Carter HMS London County class cruiser RN 14 Sep 42 22 Sep 42   HMS Suffolk County class cruiser RN 14 Sep 42 22 Sep 42   HMS Bulldog B class destroyer RN 14 Sep 42 22 Sep 42   Admiralty modified W class destroyer RN 14 Sep 42 22 Sep 42   Second stage Heavy Cover Force Name Class Navy Date joined Date departed Notes HMS Anson battleship Royal Navy 11 Sep 42 14 Sep 42 flagship V Adm. B Fraser HMS Duke of York battleship RN 11 Sep 42 14 Sep 42   HMS Jamaica cruiser RN 11 Sep 42 14 Sep 42   HMS Keppel destroyer RN 11 Sep 42 14 Sep 42 Cdr JE Broome HMS Montrose destroyer RN 11 Sep 42 14 Sep 42 joined from local escort group edit] Support forces Second stage Spitzbergen re-fueling group[4] Name Class Navy Date joined Date departed Notes RFA Blue Ranger Oiler Royal Fleet Auxiliary 10 Sep 42 10 Sep 42   Hunt class destroyer Royal Navy 10 Sep 42 10 Sep 42   V and W class destroyer RN 10 Sep 42 10 Sep 42   County-class heavy cruiser Royal Navy 14 Sep 42 14 Sep 42   HMS Sheffield Town class cruiser RN 14 Sep 42 14 Sep 42   HMS Eclipse E class destroyer RN 14 Sep 42 14 Sep 42   Submarine patrol group Name Class Navy commence patrol end patrol Notes HMS Shakespeare S class submarine Royal Navy 7 Sep 42 1 Oct 42   HMS Unrivalled U class submarine RN 7 Sep 42 1 Oct 42   HMS Unique U class submarine RN 7 Sep 42 1 Oct 42   HMS Tribune T class submarine RN 2 Sep 42 1 Oct 42   HMS Tigris T class submarine RN 2 Sep 42 1 Oct 42   HMS Sturgeon S class submarine RN 2 Sep 42 6 Sep 42 returned to port; mechanical defect HMS Unshaken U class submarine RN 2 Sep 42 1 Oct 42   HNoMS Uredd U class submarine Royal Norwegian Navy 2 Sep 42 1 Oct 42   Rubis Saphir class submarine Free French       Axis forces U-boats Name Type Navy Success Fate Notes U-88 Type VIIC Kriegsmarine   sunk by Faulknor[6]   U-255 VIIC KM       U-377 VIIC KM       edit] Surface ships Name Type Navy Sortie/1st sailing Fate/2nd sailing Notes Scheer Deutschland class cruiser Kriegsmarine 9 Sep 42 cancelled flagship V Adm. O Kummetz Admiral Hipper Admiral Hipper class cruiser KM 9 Sep 42 " Koln K class cruiser KM 9 Sep 42 " Z4 Richard Beitzen Type 1934 Destroyer KM 9 Sep 42 " Z23 Type 1936A Destroyer KM 9 Sep 42 " Z27 Type 1936A Destroyer KM 9 Sep 42 " flag Capt Ponitz 8th Des Flot Z29 Type 1936A Destroyer KM 9 Sep 42 " Z30 Type 1936A Destroyer KM 9 Sep 42 " Notes ^ Smith p32 ^ sic: see Hague ^ Smith p37 ^ Spelled as it was originally named; Smith p213 ^ Spelled as it was originally named; Smith p213 ^ Smith p50 ^ Blair p20 ^ Blair p20 ^ Smith p150-151 ^ Blair p20 ^ Smith p132-134 References Clay Blair : Hitler's U-Boat War Vol II (1998) ISBN 0-304-35261-7 Bob Ruegg, Arnold Hague : Convoys to Russia (1992) ISBN 0 905617 66 5 Peter Smith Arctic Victory: The Story of Convoy PQ 18 (1975) ISBN 0 7183 0074 2 Arnold Hague: PQ 18 at convoyweb Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. 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