Ogre

Ogre
Giovanni Lanfranco's painting, a scene from Orlando Furioso, depicts Norandino and Lucina discovered by an ogre during their honeymoon.

An ogre (feminine: ogress) is a large, cruel, monstrous, and hideous humanoid monster, featured in mythology, folklore, and fiction. Ogres are often depicted in fairy tales and folklore as feeding on human beings, and have appeared in many classic works of literature. In art, ogres are often depicted with a large head, abundant hair and beard, a voracious appetite, and a strong body. The term is often applied in a metaphorical sense to disgusting persons who exploit, brutalize, or devour their victims. Closely related is the troll figure, although these are sometimes not as malevolent.

Contents

Etymology

The word ogre is of French origin. Its earliest attestation is in Chrétien de Troyes' late 12th century verse romance Perceval, li contes del graal, which contains the lines:

et s'est escrit que il ert ancore

que toz li reaumes de Logres,

qui ja dis fu la terre as ogres,

ert destruite par cele lance

"And it is written that he will come again to all the realms of Logres, known as the land of ogres, and destroy them with that lance." The ogres in this rhyme may refer to the ogres who, in the pseudohistorical work History of the Kings of Britain by Geoffrey of Monmouth, were the inhabitants of Britain prior to human settlement. Ogre could possibly derive from the two mythical giants Gog and Magog (or from the Greek river god Oiagros, father of Orpheus).

The word ogre came into wider usage in the works of Charles Perrault (1628–1703) or Marie-Catherine Jumelle de Berneville, Comtesse d' Aulnoy (1650–1705), both of whom were French authors. Other sources say that the name is derived from the word Hongrois, which means Hungarian, as of western cultures referred to hungarians as a kind of monstrosity.[1] The word ogre is thought to have been popularized by the works of Italian author Giambattista Basile (1575–1632), who used the Neapolitan word uerco, or in standard Italian, orco. This word is documented[2] in earlier Italian works (Fazio degli Uberti, XIV cent.; Luigi Pulci, XV; Ludovico Ariosto, XV-XVI) and has even older cognates with the Latin orcus and the Old English orcnēas found in Beowulf lines 112-113, which inspired J.R.R. Tolkien's Orc.[3] All these words may derive from a shared Indo-European mythological concept (as Tolkien himself speculated, as cited by Tom Shippey, The Road to Middle-earth, 45). Some see the French myth of the ogre as being inspired by the real-life crimes of Gilles de Rais.[4]

The first appearance of the word ogre in Perrault's work occurred in his Histoires ou Contes du temps Passé (1697). It later appeared in several of his other fairy tales, many of which were based on the Neapolitan tales of Basile. The first example of a female ogre being referred to as an ogress is found in his version of Sleeping Beauty, where it is spelled ogresse. The Comtesse d' Aulnoy first employed the word ogre in her story L'Orangier et l' Abeille (1698), and was the first to use the word ogree to refer to the creature's offspring.

See also

References

  • Rose, Carol. Giants, Monsters, & Dragons: An Encyclopedia of Folklore, Legend, and Myth. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001. ISBN 0-393-32211-4
  • Shippey, Tom. The Road to Middle-earth. London: HarperCollins, 1992 (rev.). ISBN 0-261-10275-3
  • South, Malcom, ed. Mythical and Fabulous Creatures: A Source Book and Research Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1987. Reprint, New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1988. ISBN 0-87226-208-1
  • "Ogre." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 15 May 2006 <http://www.search.eb.com/eb/article-9125639>

Notes

  1. ^ Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, (1932-1935)
  2. ^ Vocabolario Degli Accademici Della Crusca
  3. ^ Beowulf
  4. ^ www.hérésie.com

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую
Synonyms:

Look at other dictionaries:

  • ogre — ogre …   Dictionnaire des rimes

  • OGRE — (Object Oriented Graphics Rendering Engine) Тип Графический движок Разработчик …   Википедия

  • ogre — ogresse [ ɔgr, ɔgrɛs ] n. • v. 1300; fém. 1697; altér. prob. de °orc, lat. Orcus, nom d une divinité infernale ♦ Géant des contes de fées, à l aspect effrayant, se nourrissant de chair humaine. L ogre et le Petit Poucet. Loc. fam. Manger comme u …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • OGRE — Entwickler OGRE Team Aktuelle Version 1.7.3 aka “Cthugha” (8. Mai 2011[1]) …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Ogre 3D — OGRE Pour les articles homonymes, voir Ogre (homonymie). OGRE (Object Oriented Graphics Rendering Engine) est un moteur 3D libre orienté scène qui permet à partir d objets à facettes de réaliser un environnement tridimensionnel qui sera perçu par …   Wikipédia en Français

  • ogre — ogre; ogre·ish; ogre·ish·ly; …   English syllables

  • Ogre — O gre ([=o] g[ e]r), n. [F., fr. Sp. ogro, fr. L. Orcus the god of the infernal regions; also, the lower world, hell.] An imaginary monster, or hideous giant of fairy tales, who lived on human beings; hence, any frightful giant; a cruel monster.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • ogre — (n.) man eating giant, 1713, hogre (in a translation of a French version of the Arabian Nights), from Fr. ogre, first used in Perrault s Contes, 1697, and perhaps formed by him from It. orco demon, monster, from L. Orcus Hades, perhaps via an… …   Etymology dictionary

  • ogre — |ó| s. m. 1. Criatura imaginária assustadora, devoradora de seres humanos. 2. Pessoa assustadora. • Sinônimo geral: BICHO PAPÃO, OGRO, PAPÃO • Feminino: ogra.   ‣ Etimologia: francês ogre …   Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa

  • Ogre — (fr., spr. Ohger), ein Gespenst, welches in Feenmährchen häufig vorkommt; so v.w. Popanz …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • ogre — [n] nasty person demon, devil, fiend, giant, monster, monstrosity, specter, troll; concept 412 Ant. humanitarian, philanthropist …   New thesaurus

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”