Tropical Storm Hanna (2002)

Infobox Hurricane
Name=Tropical Storm Hanna
Type=Tropical storm
Year=2002
Basin=Atl
Image location=Tropical Storm Hanna (2002).jpg


Formed=September 12, 2002
Dissipated=September 15, 2002
1-min winds=50
Pressure=1001
Da

Inflated=2
Fatalities=3 direct
Areas=Florida, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia
Hurricane season=2002 Atlantic hurricane season

Tropical Storm Hanna was a moderately strong tropical storm that affected the Gulf Coast and Southeastern regions of the United States. The tenth tropical cyclone and ninth named storm of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season, Hanna formed through the complex interaction of a surface trough, a tropical wave, and an upper-level low pressure system, a disturbance in the upper atmosphere. Designated a tropical depression at 0000 UTC on September 12, the storm remained disorganized throughout its duration, though it attained tropical storm status and a peak intensity of 1001 mb, with winds of 60 mph (100 km/h). Hanna crossed extreme southeastern Louisiana, and made a second landfall along the Alabama–Mississippi border.

Because most of the associated convective activity was east of the center of circulation, Louisiana and Mississippi received minimal damage. However, on Dauphin Island, Alabama, the storm caused coastal flooding which closed roads and forced the evacuation of residents. Florida received high wind gusts, heavy rainfall, and strong surf that resulted in the deaths of three swimmers. 20,000 homes in the state lost electricity. The heavy rainfall progressed into Georgia, where significant flooding occurred. Crop damage was extensive, and about 335 structures were damaged by the flooding. The storm caused a total of about $20 million (2002 USD; $23.96 million 2008 USD) in damage.

Meteorological history

A broad surface trough extended from the western Atlantic Ocean into the Gulf of Mexico in early September 2002. At the same time, a westward-moving tropical wave entered the gulf on September 10 and spawned a weak low along the trough, with little associated thunderstorm activity. On September 11, an upper-level low over the United States moved into the Gulf and became cut off from the flow, allowing atmospheric convection to develop to the east of the tropical wave. The surface low organized, and convection formed closer to the center of the low. At 0000 UTC on September 12, a Hurricane Hunters aircraft was able to find a well-defined center of circulation; the National Hurricane Center (NHC) thus designated it a tropical depression while it was about convert|280|mi|km south of Pensacola, Florida.cite web|author=James L. Franklin and Jamie R. Rhome|title=Tropical Storm Hanna Tropical Cyclone Report|date=December 16, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-09-13|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2002hanna.shtml]

After being designated, the cyclone became disorganized, and contained little deep and persistent convection; with dry air infringing on the western edge of the storm, substantial intensification was deemed unlikely. [cite web|author=Pasch|title=Tropical Depression Nine Discussion Number 1|date=September 11, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-09-14|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al092002.discus.001.html] Despite being sheared, the cyclone neared tropical storm status later that day, though it remained a depression due to a partially non-tropical appearance. Initially, the depression meandered towards the northeast due to weak steering currents, [cite web|author=Franklin|title=Tropical Depression Nine Discussion Number 2|date=September 12, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-09-14|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al092002.discus.002.html] and it intensified into a tropical storm at 0600 UTC. As such, it was named Hanna by the National Hurricane Center. Over the next 24 hours, the low-level center rotated around the mid- and upper-level centers, and the entire tropical storm turned southwestward by late September 12. After a jog to the northwest, the low-level center became separated from the convection. [cite web|author=Avila|title=Tropical Storm Hanna Discussion Number 7|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 13, 2002|accessdate=2008-09-14 |url= http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al092002.discus.007.html] Meandering, the storm started to turn northward under the steering currents of a southwesterly flow associated with an approaching mid-level trough. [cite web|author=Lawrence |title=Tropical Storm Hanna Discussion Number 9| date= September 13, 2002 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |accessdate=2008-09-14 |url= http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al092002.discus.009.html ] Hanna then strengthened sharply to reach to its peak intensity of 60 mph (100 km/h) at 0000 UTC on September 14.

Convection shifted towards the eastern semi-circle of the circulation, while the still-exposed center became malformed and elongated. [cite web|author=Franklin|title=Tropical Storm Hanna Discussion Number 10|date=September 14, 2002 |publisher= National Hurricane Center |accessdate=2008-09-14 |url= http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al092002.discus.010.html] On September 14, the poorly-organized cyclone crossed southeastern Louisiana, turned towards the north-northeast and made a second landfall close to the Alabama–Mississippi border at 1500 UTC that day, still at its peak strength. The storm dissipated rapidly as it proceeded inland, and the remnant low pressure area moved into Georgia and South Carolina.

Preparations

Shortly after the formation of the storm, the National Hurricane Center issued a tropical storm watch for the coastal area between Pascagoula, Mississippi and the Suwanee River in Florida. A tropical storm warning for the region between Grand Isle, Louisiana and Apalachicola, Florida replaced the watch, though it was discontinued east of Apalachicola. All tropical cyclone warnings and watches were discontinued by 1800 UTC on September 14, as there was no longer a need for the advisories; Hanna had landed and was making its way inland. After the landfall, officials issued flood watches for inland parts of Mississippi and Alabama as well as for western portions of Georgia and the Carolinas. [cite web|author=|title=News Report on Hanna|date=September 15, 2002|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s1002.htm|accessdate=2008-09-15] On Dauphin Island in Alabama, some residents boarded up windows [cite news|author=Associated Press|title=Gulf Coast Communities Begin Early Preparation|year=2002|publisher="The Biloxi Sun Herald"|accessdate=2008-09-15] and filled sandbags provided by local fire departments to prepare for Hanna. [cite news|author=Gerald Ensley|title=Tropical storm expected to hit Gulf Coast Saturday morning.|year=2002|publisher="Tallahassee Democrat"|accessdate=2008-09-15|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-120115603.html] The Red Cross opened 10 shelters throughout the Gulf Coast region.

Impact

The total damage caused by Tropical Storm Hanna amounted to about $20 million (which is equivalent to $23 million in 2008 USD).

U.S. Gulf Coast

In Louisiana, damage was light, as the majority of Hanna's convective activity was to the east. Rainfall was mostly less than 1 in (25 mm), and little rise in tide was reported. [cite web|author=|title=Tropical Storm Event Report for Louisiana|year=2002|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|accessdate=2008-09-15|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~461207] Little or no damage occurred in neighboring Mississippi, where similar effects were reported.

Damage was greater in Alabama, where rain reached convert|7.55|in|mm|abbr=on at Coden and convert|5.75|in|mm|abbr=on at Belle Fontaine. Sustained winds of convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on were reported at Dauphin Island, with gusts up to convert|51|mph|km/h|abbr=on. The lowest barometric pressure was also at Dauphin Island; it reportedly fell to 1005 mb. Storm tides of convert|3.7|ft|m|abbr=on caused minor coastal flooding and beach erosion in some areas, including along the causeway that crosses the Mobile Bay. [cite web|author=|title=Tropical Storm Event Report for Alabama|year=2002|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|accessdate=2008-09-15|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~449115] One tornado, an F0 on the Fujita Scale, touched down in south Mobile County, knocking down trees. Some residents were left without electric power, and there was flooding on both ends of Dauphin Island, leading to road closures. The storm forced the evacuation of some residents on the western end of the island. In addition to the heavy rains, trees were downed in parts of Baldwin County.cite web|author=Associated Press|title=Hanna washes ashore, quickly weakens in Alabama|date=September 15, 2002|publisher=USA Today|accessdate=2008-09-15|url=http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-09-14-hanna.htm]

In Florida, peak gusts were recorded at convert|68|mph|km/h|abbr=on near Pensacola Beach. The winds, combined with associated thunderstorms, caused minor damage, and brought down small trees and power lines. Throughout Walton County, Hanna left approximately 15,000 customers without power,cite web|author=|title=Tropical Storm Event Report for Florida|year=2002|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|accessdate=2008-09-16|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~452616] forming a statewide total of 20,000 power outages. Due to high winds, bridges to offshore islands were closed. Minor beach erosion was reported along the coast of Walton, Bay and Gulf counties. Three people drowned in high surf: near Pensacola Beach, at Seagrove Beach and heat Panama City Beach. [cite news|author=Staff Writer|title=Man from Scotland killed in rough surf caused by Tropical Storm Hanna|date=September 16, 2002|publisher=Associated Press|accessdate=2008-09-16] The fatalities prompted a local Police Major to comment, "People are getting into the water and not paying attention to the warning flags." [cite news|author=Maggie Barry|title=Scot Dies in Riptide Hell |accessdate=2008-10-03 |publisher="The Mirror" |date=September 17, 2002|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-91642359.html] Heavy rain fell throughout the central and western Panhandle;cite web|author= David M. Roth |title=Rainfall Summary for Tropical Storm Hanna|year=2002|publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center |accessdate=2008-09-16|url=http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/hanna2002.html] the highest reported total was convert|9.68|in|mm|abbr=on, at Chipley. As a result, rivers , and county roads and homes in Perry, and streets in the Tallahassee region were flooded. The total damage in Florida is estimated at $400,000 (2002 USD).

outheastern United States

Hanna dropped heavy rainfall across much of Georgia, peaking at convert|15.56|in|mm|abbr=on at Donalsonville, convert|12.47|in|mm|abbr=on at Carrollton, and convert|11.23|in|mm|abbr=on at Embry. Although the heaviest rainfall was mostly confined to southwestern portions of the state, Hanna was widespread within a northwest–northeast-oriented feeder band over central and northern Georgia. Associated with the band was up to convert|2|in|mm|abbr=on of rainfall in a matter of hours, as well as gusty thunderstorms. The highest rainfall totals from this individual band were limited to an area north of a line from Atlanta to Athens. The heavy rainfall helped to relieve a persistent drought, bringing vegetation back to life. However, climatologists determined that the rainfall did not fully alleviate the dry conditions. [cite news|author=Karen Jacobs |title=Storm does little to ease drought in U.S. Southeast: Tropical Storm Hanna|year=2002 |url= |publisher=Reuters|accessdate=2008-10-03] The band of thunderstorms produced gusts of convert|40|to|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on, downing trees and power lines. In the Atlanta metropolitan area, 48,000 customers received power outages.cite web|title= Tropical Storm Event Report for Georgia |year=2002|publisher=National Climatic Data Center |accessdate=2008-09-16|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~453667] The winds tore a roof off a house and damaged a number of mobile homes. The heavy rainfall caused severe flooding; in Donalsonville, 250 houses and 50 businesses received water damage, while another 35 were damaged in nearby Miller County.cite web|author=Mason Anderson|title=Red Cross Responds to Tropical Storm Hanna|year=2002|publisher=Red Cross|accessdate=2008-09-16|url=http://www.redcross.org/news/ds/floods/020916hanna.html] Roads were flooded, including parts of U.S. Route 27. [cite web|author=|title=Flooding Event Report for Georgia|date=September 6, 2002|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|accessdate=2008-09-16|url= http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~453665 ] Crop damage was significant in the state. According to the Georgia Farm Services Agency, $19 million (2002 USD; $22 million 2008 USD) in damage to cotton and peanut crops were reported. Due to the flooding and damage, Governor Roy Barnes declared Seminole, Miller and Decatur counties federal disaster areas.

Moderate to heavy rain extended as far north as the Carolinas, and light showers reached the Delmarva Peninsula. Locations in western South Carolina picked up around 3 in (75 mm) of rainfall, causing flooding on some roads and highways. [cite web|author=|title=Flooding Event Report for South Carolina |year=2002 |publisher=National Climatic Data Center |accessdate=2008-09-16 |url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~475080] Various streams and ponds topped their banks, and flood waters on some roads reached an estimated convert|4|to|6|in|mm|abbr=on deep. [cite web|author=|title=Flooding Event Report for South Carolina (2)|year=2002|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|accessdate=2008-09-16|url= http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~475091 ] On South Carolina Highway 20, a motorist became stranded in high waters, and nearby houses were damaged. [cite web|author=|title=Flooding Event Report for South Carolina (3) |year=2002|publisher=National Climatic Data Center |accessdate= 2008-09-16 |url= http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~475092] The rainfall delayed a football game at Williams-Brice Stadium for 50 minutes. [cite web|author=Associated Press|title=Pollack's fourth-quarter interception an odd gem |year= 2002 |publisher= ESPN |accessdate= 2008-10-03 |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/recap?gameId=222572579]

ee also

*Tropical cyclone
*List of Florida hurricanes
*List of North Carolina hurricanes
*List of Delaware hurricanes

References

External links

* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2002hanna.shtml Tropical Cyclone Report]
* [http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/hanna2002.html Hydrometeorological Prediction Center report]