Barbary Dove

:"This is about the bird also called the ring dove; for other uses, see Ring dove (disambiguation)."Taxobox
name = Ringneck Dove

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image_width = 200px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Columbiformes
familia = Columbidae
genus = "Streptopelia"
species = "S. risoria"
binomial = "Streptopelia risoria"
binomial_authority = Linnaeus, 1758

The Ringneck Dove, Ring Dove, or Barbary Dove, "Streptopelia risoria", is a small domestic dove.

Although the Ringneck Dove is normally assigned its own systematic name, as "Streptopelia risoria", considerable doubt exists as to its appropriate classification. Some sources confidently assert that it is a domestic form of the Eurasian Collared Dove, "S. decaocto", but the majority of evidence points to it being a domesticated form of the African Collared Dove, "S. roseogrisea". It appears that it can hybridise freely with either species, and its status as a species must therefore be regarded as doubtful. However because of the wide use of both the common and systematic names, it is best to consider it separately from either of the putative parent species.

Ringneck Doves have been domesticated for 2000 to 3000 years. They are easily kept, and long-lived, in captivity, living for up to 12 years, and are noted for their gentle nature. In recent years they have been used extensively in biological research, particularly into the hormonal bases of reproductive behaviour, because their sequences of courtship, mating and parental behaviour have been accurately described and are highly consistent in form. Dove fanciers have bred them in a great variety of colours; the number of colours available has increased dramatically in the latter half of the twentieth century, and it is thought that this has been achieved by interbreeding with "S. roseogrisea". Some of these doves carry a mutation that makes them completely white. These white ringnecks are most commonly used in magic acts and to symbolize peace.

The "coo" of the ringneck dove is created by muscles that vibrate air sent up from the dove's lungs. These muscles belong to the fastest known class of vertebrate muscles, contracting as much as ten times faster than muscles vertebrates use for running. This class of muscles is usually found in high speed tissue such as a rattlesnake's tail. Ringneck doves are the first bird species to have been found to have this class of muscle. (Elemans, "et al.", 2004)

Feral populations of Ringneck Doves establish themselves readily as a result of escapes from captivity, but they will merge with local populations of Collared Doves if they exist. There is a small feral population in Los Angeles, California, where neither "S. decaocto" nor "S. roseogrisea" is currently found.

However, they should not be released into the wild. Unfortunately, white Ringneck Doves are sometimes used for celebratory "dove releases." This is not appropriate since Ringneck Doves released to the wild cannot readily survive, as they are not equipped to live wild in most of our climates, have no natural fear of predators, and have never learned to distinguish "natural" foods (see below for reference).

References

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* Michael W. Gos. (1989). "Doves."

* Dorothy Hinshaw Patent. (1997). "Pigeons."

* [http://www.birdhobbyist.com/articles/BirdHobbyist/Species/DovesPigeons.html Doves and Pigeons as Pets] "Online Hobbyist.com, Inc. 2008"

External links

* [http://www.dovepage.com/species/domestic/Ringneck/ringneckdove.html The Dove Page] "The Place on the Internet for Doves"
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20040427194430/http://www.internationaldovesociety.com/Articles/ringneck+history.htm Barbary Dove History, by John Pire] "this is a page from the Internet Archive as the hosting domain was found to be inaccessible 2 November 2005"