Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658)

Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658)

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Russo–Swedish War 1656-1661
partof=Russo–Swedish Wars


caption=
date=July 1656 - June 21 1661
place=mostly in Livonia and Finland
casusbelli=Russian expansionism.
territory=
result=Status quo ante bellum
combatant1=
combatant2=flagicon|Russia Russia
commander1=
commander2=flagicon|Russia Alexis of Russia
flagicon|Russia Matvey Sheremetev KIA
strength1=Finland: 2,230 in 1656
In the end, 25,000 Swedish soldiers participated in the war.
strength2=Overall about 90,000 in the tsar's army, unknown number of direct participants
casualties1=unknown
casualties2=more than 16,500 in the major battles [Isacson, Claes Göran (2002). "Karl X Gustavs krig" (en: "Charles X Gustav's war") . Historiska media. IBSN 9189442571. ] [ [http://www.smb.nu/svenskakrig/1656.asp Svenskt militärhistoriskt bibliotek (en: "Swedish historical military library"): "Karl X Gustavs ryska krig 1656-1661"] ]
The Russo-Swedish War of 1656–1658 was fought by Russia and Sweden against the background of the simultaneous Northern Wars and the War for Ukraine. Despite initial successes, Tsar Alexis of Russia failed to secure his principal objective — to revise the Treaty of Stolbovo, which had stripped Russia of the Baltic coast at the close of the Ingrian War.

When Charles X of Sweden invaded Poland, captured Warsaw and announced his claims on the Russian conquests in the orbit of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin (who led Russian diplomacy at the time) decided it was an opportune time to suspend hostilities against the weakened Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and to attack the rear of the Swedish Empire instead. To that end he opened negotiations and concluded a truce with Poland in summer 1656 (the Truce of Vilna (also known as the Truce of Niemież)), a move which enraged a major ally of Russia, Ukrainian hetman Bogdan Khmelnytsky who maintained good relations with Sweden and was fighting against Poland.

In July, a reserve force of the Russian army struck across Swedish Ingria and overran two key Baltic fortresses — Nöteborg and Nyen. A separate detachment advanced on Tartu, which fell in October. The main forces marched along the bank of the Western Dvina towards Riga, taking Daugavpils and Koknese on their way. By the end of August, the capital of Livonia was besieged and bombarded.

As Russia had no full-fledged navy to intercept reinforcements coming to the Swedish garrison across the Baltic, Riga managed to hold out until October, when foreign officers commanding a small Russian flotilla defected to the other side and the Russians had to lift the siege. In the aftermath of this reverse, the Swedes recaptured much of Ingria, took the Pskov Monastery of the Caves and inflicted a heavy defeat on the Russian general Matvey Sheremetev at Valga in 1657.

By the end of 1658, Denmark was knocked out of the Northern Wars and the Ukrainian Cossacks under Khmelnytskyi's successor, Ivan Vyhovsky, allied themselves with Poland, changing the international situation drastically and inducing the tsar to resume the war against Poland as soon as possible. Under such circumstances, it was necessary to bring the Swedish adventure to a speedy end. On 20 December Ordin-Nashchokin negotiated with Sweden the Treaty of Valiesar, whereby Russia was allowed to keep the conquered territories in present-day Latvia and Estonia — Koknese, Aluksne, Tartu, Syrensk — for three years.

When the term expired, Russia's military position in the Polish war had deteriorated to such a point that the tsar could not allow himself to be involved into a new conflict against powerful Sweden. His boyars had no other choice but to sign in 1661 the Treaty of Kardis, which obliged Russia to yield its Livonian and Ingrian conquests to Sweden, confirming the provisions of the Treaty of Stolbovo. This settlement was observed until the Great Northern War broke out in 1700.

References

*efron


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Russo-Swedish Wars — The term Russo Swedish War can apply to any of the wars fought between Sweden and Russia:*Swedish Novgorodian Wars *Russo Swedish War (1495–1497) *Russo Swedish War (1554–1557) *Livonian War (1558–1582) *Russo Swedish War (1590–1595) *Ingrian War …   Wikipedia

  • Russo–Polish War (1654–67) — For other Russo Polish conflicts see Russo Polish War. For other wars termed Thirteen Years War, see Thirteen Years War. For other wars termed First Northern War, see First Northern War. Russo Polish War (1654–1667) …   Wikipedia

  • Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) — Infobox Military Conflict conflict=Russo–Polish War (1654–1667) partof= caption= date=1654–1667 place=Europe: eastern part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth casus=Treaty of Pereyaslav territory= result=partial Russian victory – Treaty of… …   Wikipedia

  • Swedish Empire — Kingdom of Sweden Konungariket Sverige ← …   Wikipedia

  • Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660) — Dano Swedish War (1658–60) Part of the Second Northern War Copenhagen, 11 February 1659. The Danish def …   Wikipedia

  • List of wars 1500–1799 — 1500–1599= *1499–1503 Third Turkish–Venetian War *1500–1504 Second Italian War *1500 1537 Muscovite Lithuanian Wars *1508–1516 War of the League of Cambrai *1509 First Portuguese–Turkish War *1509–1512 Ottoman Civil War *1514–1516 Ottoman–Safavid …   Wikipedia

  • Afanassi Lavrentievitch Ordin-Nachokin — Afanassi Ordine Nachtchokine Afanassi Ordine Nachtchokine Afanassi Lavrentievitch Ordine Nachtchokine (en russe : Афанасий Лаврентьевич Ордин Нащокин), né en 1605 à Pskov et décéd …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Afanassi Ordine-Nachtchokine — Afanassi Lavrentievitch Ordine Nachtchokine (en russe : Афанасий Лаврентьевич Ордин Нащокин), né en 1605 à Pskov et décédé en 1680 au monastère …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin — Afanassi Ordine Nachtchokine Afanassi Ordine Nachtchokine Afanassi Lavrentievitch Ordine Nachtchokine (en russe : Афанасий Лаврентьевич Ордин Нащокин), né en 1605 à Pskov et décéd …   Wikipédia en Français

  • List of conflicts in Europe — This is an attempt to list of conflicts in Europe, (arranged both alphabetically and chronologically ), including;*Wars between European nations *Civil Wars within European nations *Rebellions by a European nation seeking independence *Wars… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”