Déjà Vu (Beyoncé Knowles song)

Déjà Vu (Beyoncé Knowles song)
"Déjà Vu"
The picture of a brunette woman. She wears soft make-up and earrings, and a short white shirt. Next to her, there are some words: the word "Beyoncé" is written in white bolded letters; "Déjà Vu" in midnight tone words; and "featuring Jay-Z" in black capital letters. Behind her the sky is appreciated.
Single by Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z
from the album B'Day
Released June 24, 2006 (2006-06-24)
Format CD single, digital download, maxi single, 12"
Recorded April 2006
Sony Music Studios
(New York City, New York)
Genre R&B, funk, hip hop
Length 4:00
Label Columbia
Writer(s) Beyoncé Knowles, Rodney Jerkins, Delisha Thomas, Makeba, Keli Nicole Price, Shawn Carter
Producer Rodney Jerkins, Beyoncé Knowles
Beyoncé singles chronology
"Check on It"
(2005)		 "Déjà Vu"
(2006)		 "Ring the Alarm"
(2006)
Jay-Z singles chronology
"Numb/Encore"
(2004)		 "Déjà Vu"
(2006)		 "Show Me What You Got"
(2006)

"Déjà Vu" is a song by American singer-songwriter Beyoncé Knowles, featuring vocals by rapper Jay-Z. It was produced by Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins and Knowles for her second solo album, B'Day (2006). "Déjà Vu" derives its genre from contemporary R&B and incorporates 1970s funk elements. Its varied instrumentation includes bass guitar, hi-hat, horns, and the Roland TR-808 drum machine. The song's title and lyrics refer to a woman being constantly reminded of a past lover.

The song was released on July 31, 2006, as the album's lead single. It received generally mixed to positive critical reviews. Many critics noted the similarities of "Déjà Vu" with Knowles' "Crazy in Love", which was released in 2003 as the lead single to her debut album, Dangerously in Love. Critics also compared the assertiveness and the sensuality with which Knowles sings the lyrics to those of Tina Turner when she was young. "Déjà Vu" was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration and Best R&B Song at the 2007 Grammy Awards, while the remix version was nominated in the category Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical. It was recognized as "Best Song" at the 2006 Music of Black Origin (MOBO) Awards.

Commercially, the single peaked at number four on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. It topped the US Hot Dance Club Play chart, and it also reached the top spot of some other Billboard component charts, including Hot Dance Singles Sales and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for having sold over half a million digital units. The single debuted at number one in the United Kingdom and reached the top ten in about ten European countries.

The accompanying music video for the single heavily features couture outfits and vigorous footwork. Some 5,000 fans Knowles' petitioned online for a re-shoot of the video, complaining among others the lack of theme in the video, wardrobe choices, and the seemingly sexual interaction between Knowles and Jay-Z.

Contents

Background and production

In 2005, American record producer Rodney "DarkChild" Jerkins and producer Jon Jon Traxx "came up with the concept of doing an old-school track, a throwback with real bass and horns", to which the song's title is partly attributed.[1] Jon Jon Traxx with Jerkins, first recorded the bass sections, onto which the percussion, horns and vocals were layered.[1] Production took place in Jerkins' New Jersey-based studio, and Sony Music Studios in New York City.[1]

Jerkins recorded a demo version of the song with vocals by American songwriter Makeba Riddick, who is credited as co-writer.[2] They presented the demo to Knowles, who later approved of it. "Déjà Vu" also has lyrical contributions from songwriters Delisha Thomas and Keli Nicole Price, and Knowles' husband (then-boyfriend) boyfriend Jay-Z.[1] He became involved at a late stage, when Knowles saw him trying to sing along to a recorded version of the track, and asked him to contribute. Jay-Z recorded rap verses for the song and hence appears as a featured guest.[3]

Concerning the production of "Déjà Vu", Knowles told MTV News:

When I recorded 'Deja Vu' ... I knew that even before I started working on my album, I wanted to add live instruments to all of my songs. It's such a balance [of music on the song] [...] It's still young, still new and fresh, but it has the old soul groove. The energy is incredible. It's the summer anthem, I pray. I feel it. Rodney Jerkins is incredible, Jay of course is on it, he blessed the song, I'm happy with it.[4]

Music and lyrics

"Déjà Vu" is a contemporary R&B song, performed in a moderate hip hop groove.[11][7][12] According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by EMI Music Publishing, the song is composed in the key of G minor with a time signature in common time, and with a moderate groove of 106 beats per minute. Knowles' vocals range from the note of D♯4 to F5.[11] "Déjà Vu" is also influenced by late-1970s funk music,[13] and it contains elements of soul music as well as dance-pop music.[14] As stated by Knowles, the song also has "an old soul groove".[2][4]

The music is largely based on live instrumentation,[15] including a bass guitar, conga, hi-hat, and horns.[4] A non-live instrument, the Roland TR-808 machine, provides the song's drum beat, which is very energetic and heavy.[4] Spence D. of IGN Music commented that Knowles' vocals on the song are "silky smooth" and that her vocal range leans toward the high end, hence coming off as a "piercing contrast" to the "thunderous low-end construction" of the track.[16] Mike Joseph of PopMatters noted that "Déjà Vu" has "a flavor reminiscent" of Michael Jackson’s "Off the Wall (1980)."[7]

The lyrics to "Déjà Vu" follow the verse–pre-chorus–chorus pattern, and feature two rap verses.[11] It is hook-laden, similar in this respect to "Crazy in Love".[17] The lyrics detail a woman being constantly reminded of a past lover.[1] This is shown in the lines: "Is it because I’m missing you that I'm having déjà vu?"[18] The song opens with Knowles introducing the bass, hi-hat and Roland TR-808 by name. The sounds of the instruments blend as they are being mentioned one after the other; the horns are only audible in the pre-chorus and hook sections, and a short section in the second rap. The bass guitar, which is the first instrument to enter, slides into the main two-bar ostinato.[1] Following the repeated bass slides, the hi-hat and the Roland TR-808 also begin playing.[1]

After that Knowles mentions Jay-Z, the bass glides up for a vibrato-rich fill, giving way to the first rap.[1] Backgrounded with a repeating groove, Knowles starts the first verse. The pre-chorus follows, for which the bass changes to a more melodic tone "to play something more singing", in the words of Jon Jon Webb, the bass player on the track.[1] The melody returns to the main groove during the repeated hook. This pattern repeats and leads to the second rap verse. The third pre-chorus "comes from Jerkins' idea to have the part changes on top, with Webb's main groove on the bottom".[1] It is followed by the main pre-chorus, then the hook is repeated four times. The singing stops and the instruments fill in the space. The hi-hat and Roland TR-808 also stop; the song ends with the plucked bass and blasts of horns.[1]

Release and reception

"Déjà Vu" was leaked to the internet on June 13, 2006.[19] On June 24, 2006, it was released to radio stations in the United States,[20] four weeks after Knowles informed Columbia, her record label, that B'Day was completed. Over one month later, it was released to physical formats; the track was released as a CD single on July 31, 2006 in the United States.[21] An enhanced CD was released on September 12, containing five tracks and an additional "Déjà Vu" multimedia track.[22][23] In the United Kingdom, the digital download became available on August 15, 2006.[24] A CD maxi and a 12" single was later released on August 21, 2006.[25] Knowles approached English production team Freemasons to remix "Déjà Vu". A club-oriented version was produced and appeared on a Green Light Freemasons EP, released on July 31, 2007.[26] A maxi single, featuring the album version of the track and Freemasons club mix, was released on August 5, 2006 in European countries.[27]

Critical reception

"Déjà Vu" debuted to mixed reviews among critics. Joseph Mike of the international webzine PopMatters' believed, however, that it was "fantastic to hear Beyoncé singing her lungs out over a full-bodied groove featuring live instruments".[7] Spence D. of IGN Music, a multimedia news and reviews website, complimented Jerkins' bass-laden groove, saying that it brought the track to "perfection".[16] Describing "Déjà Vu" as a "magnificent" track, Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian complimented Knowles and Jay-Z collaboration calling it "feverish as pre-watershed pop gets." She added that even though when Jay-Z is not physically present, he manages to bring out something formidable in Knowles that evokes "the young, feral Tina Turner."[8] Bernard Zuel The Sydney Morning Herald praised the assertiveness with which Knowles delivers her lines and considered buying "Déjà Vu" as "worthwhile."[17]

Several other music critics have compared "Déjà Vu" to Knowles' 2003 single, "Crazy in Love", the lead single of her debut album. According to Gail Mitchell of Billboard, the song is viewed by many as a sequel to "Crazy in Love".[28] Jason King of the Vibe magazine deemed the song "cloned from the DNA of the raucous 'Crazy in Love'" while Thomas Inskeep of Stylus Magazine referred to it as "'Crazy in Love' lite";[29][30] some reviewers, however, were negative to the parallels drawn between the two songs. Andy Kellman's review for Allmusic, an online music database, said that it "had the audacity to not be as monstrous as 'Crazy in Love'",[13] referring to the commercial success the latter had in 2003. The internet-based publication Pitchfork Media's writer Ryan Dombal claimed that "this time [Knowles] out-bolds the beat".[31]

Sasha Frere-Jones of The New Yorker magazine deemed the lyrics a "perplexing view of memory",[18] while Chris Richards of The Washington Post, characterized Knowles in "Déjà Vu" as a "love-dazed girlfriend".[32] Jody Rosen of the Entertainment Weekly magazine referred to "Déjà Vu" as an "oddly flat" choice of lead single.[33] Jaime Gill of Yahoo! Music regarded "Déjà Vu" as a good choice for a single but concluded that it does lack "the kind of killer chorus" to suggest that Knowles would take one further step "to outright global domination."[34] On the other hand, Jon Pareles of The New York Times wrote that Jay-Z shows up, "as calmly boastful as ever", in the song but he only makes Knowles' "sound more insecure."[35]

Awards and nominations

"Déjà Vu" was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration and Best R&B Song at the 2007 Grammy Awards, while the remix version was nominated in the category Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical.[36] The song won Best Song at the 2006 MOBO Awards in the UK.[37] The following year, "Déjà Vu" also received two nominations for the Best R&B/Urban Dance Track and Best Pop Dance Track at the 22nd Annual International Dance Music Awards in 2007.[38] It was nominated for Best Collaboration, alongside Knowles' song "Upgrade U" featuring Jay-Z, at the Black Entertainment Television (BET) Awards.[39]

Chart performance

"Déjà Vu" debuted on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart at number forty-four, less than a month before its physical release. After the release of the digital component, the song sold 75,000 downloads in its first week.[40] It eventually peaked at at number four on the Hot 100 chart.[41][42] The track's Freemasons/M. Joshua remix topped the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, while the album version peaked at number eighteen on the same component chart.[43] "Déjà Vu" also reached the top spot of the Hot Dance Singles Sales and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts, number nine on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart, and number fourteen on the Top 40 Mainstream chart.[43] On the Billboard 2007 year-ender, "Déjà Vu" was listed at number seven on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart.[44]

"Déjà Vu" reached the top ten in less than ten European countries.[45] Having sold 29,365 units on its first week,[46] the single made its debut at number one on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Knowles' second solo number-one single in the UK.[47] The single reached the top five in Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Norway, and Switzerland and entered the top ten in Belgium, Finland, and Germany. "Déjà Vu" did not reach the top ten across countries in the Oceania. The single peaked on the Australian Singles Chart at number twelve, and on the New Zealand Singles Chart at number fifteen.[45] "Déjà Vu" emerged as the ninety-eighth best-selling single in Australia in 2006.[48] The song managed to break records in Japan regarding ringtone sales.[49]

Music video

The music video for "Déjà Vu" was filmed by British director Sophie Muller in New Orleans, Louisiana on June 21, 2006, with parts of the video shot at the Maple Leaf Bar and the Oak Alley Plantation in Carrollton, Louisiana and Vacherie, Louisiana respectively.[50][51] The footage features couture-inspired outfits,[15] vigorous footwork and sexually-themed routines. "Déjà Vu" simultaneously premiered on July 12, 2006 on MTV's show Total Request Live (TRL), and Overdrive, MTV's broadband video channel. The music video reached the top spot on the TRL, Yahoo!, and MTV countdowns.[52] The "Deja Vu" video topped the UK TV airplay chart in late July 2006.[53] The music video was awarded Best Video at the 2006 MOBO Awards.[37]

The video begins with showing Knowles against a green wall and Jay-Z sitting on a chair inside a dark room. Knowles and Jay-Z then start to simultaneously play imaginary instruments, mimicking the song's tune. Scenes of Knowles are then shown in several different rooms wearing different outfits. As the chorus begins, she is shown running around and dancing out in a large sugarcane field. At the end of the chorus, she dances in a red dress in front of a pond and in a large red dress out in front of a mansion. When Jay-Z's verse begins, the two are shown alone inside a room, Knowles is now barefoot and bare-legged, she dances seductively around Jay-Z, and leads to the controversial oral sex scene. Knowles is then shown wearing a green skirt and bedazzled bra while dancing around in sand. As the song progresses, she is shown dancing alone in a dark forest wearing a sparkling black dress as fireflies circle around her head. The song ends with her leaning back in a pose as fireflies race away.

The photograph of a woman and a man. He is stand up and she is in front of his pelvis and she grabs his keychain.
The press deemed the themes between Knowles and Jay-Z's interactions as sexually suggestive. A petition by fans objected to "unacceptable interactions" between Knowles and Jay-Z in the music video.[54]

Reactions to the video were mixed. Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine commented it is "more thematic and thought provoking than the videos for 'Baby Boy' and 'Naughty Girl'", Knowles' songs from her debut album, Dangerously in Love.[9] Allhiphop.com's Eb Haynes described the video "visually fresh" and "couture motivated".[15] A news article published by Hindustan Times reported that a particular scene in the video is suggestive of oral sex.[55] Natalie Y. Moore of In These Times magazine echoed the latter's commentary, writing that the video showcases Knowles "strutting her sexuality", and that in Jay-Z's scenes it "looks as if any minute now she'll give him fellatio".[56] The video later appeared on a list of Yahoo! Music News' "Worst Videos of All Time", which pointed to the negative fan reaction and stated, "It's probably the least horrific video listed [...] but as far as Beyoncé videos go, it is[sic] a stinker."[57]

According to an MTV News staff report, as of July 2006, more than two thousand people had signed an online petition addressed to Knowles' record label, Columbia, demanding a reshoot for the video.[54] By the end of August 2006, 5000 additional fans had signed it.[9] The petition requested the clip to be taped again because it was considered to be "an underwhelming representation of the talent and quality of previous music-video projects of Ms. Knowles."[54] Included in the laundry list of offenses were "a lack of theme, dizzying editing, "over-the-top wardrobe choices, and unacceptable interactions" between Knowles and her now-husband, Jay-Z. Knowles dance moves were also called into question by the petition, qualifying them as as "erratic, confusing and alarming at times".[54] Additionally, fans complained about sexual theme depicted in the video, describing that some scenes as "unacceptable interactions [between Knowles and Jay-Z]" while also complaining of a "non-existent sexual chemistry" between the two.[57]

Live performances

A brunette woman with dark skin wears an orange dress. She holds a microphone and she performs a song on a stage.
Knowles performing "Déjà Vu" in 2007 at the Sweden stop of The Beyoncé Experienceworld tour.

Knowles performed the song at the Fashion Rocks on September 8, 2006.[58] According to Farrah Weinstein of MTV News, Knowles' performance of "Deja Vu" was billed as "a tribute to Josephine Baker", and both her stage set and outfit were in homage to the legendary early-20th-century singer and dancer.[58] The set was designed like an old cabaret club, complete with male dancers bearing saxophones, and both Knowles and her female dancers wore Baker's trademark mini-hula skirt embellished with fake bananas.[58] She later performed the song on the American morning news and talk show, Good Morning America.[59] Knowles also performed the song at the 2006 World Music Awards on November 15, 2006,[60] and much later on The Ellen DeGeneres Show.[61]

In addition to her live performances of "Déjà Vu" in awards ceremonies and televised shows, the song was included the setlist for her live concerts such as The Beyoncé Experience and I Am... Tour.[62] Concert performances of "Déjà Vu" were included on her live albums The Beyoncé Experience Live (2007),[63] and the deluxe edition of I Am... World Tour (2010).[64]

Formats and track listings

UK CD single[24]
  1. "Déjà Vu" (Album Version) – 3:59
  2. "Déjà Vu" (Freemasons Radio Mix) – 3:15
Europe Maxi single[27]
  1. "Déjà Vu" (Album Version) – 3:59
  2. "Déjà Vu" (Freemasons Radio Mix) – 3:15
  3. "Déjà Vu" (Freemasons Club Mix) – 8:05
  4. "Déjà Vu" (Maurice's Nusoul Mix) – 6:00
  5. "Déjà Vu" (Maurice's Nusoul Mixshow Mix) – 5:57

Credits and personnel

Adapted from the B'Day's liner notes.[65]

  • Vocals: Beyoncé Knowles, Jay-Z (rap)
  • Recording: Jeff Villanueva, Jim Caruana
    • Assisted by: Rob Kinelski, Jun Ishizeki
  • Mix engineers: Jason Goldstein, Rodney Jerkins
  • All music: Jon Jon Traxx
  • Horns: Ronald Judge, Allen "Al Geez" Arthur, Aaron "Goody" Goode

Charts, certifications and procession

Weekly charts

Chart (2006) Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[45] 12
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)[45] 12
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[45] 8
Belgium (Ultratop 40 Wallonia)[45] 19
Czech Republic (IFPI)[66] 21
Denmark Airplay (Tracklisten)[67] 16
European Hot 100 Singles[68] 2
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[45] 6
France (SNEP)[45] 23
Germany (Media Control AG)[69] 9
Hungary (Single Top 10)[70] 2
Ireland (IRMA)[71] 3
Italy (FIMI)[45] 4
Netherlands (Mega Single Top 100)[45] 13
New Zealand (RIANZ)[45] 15
Norway (VG-lista)[45] 3
Slovakia (IFPI)[72] 43
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[45] 11
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[45] 3
UK Singles (The Official Charts Company)[73] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[74] 4
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[75] 1
US Pop Songs (Billboard)[76] 14
US Pop 100 (Billboard)[77] 10
US Hot Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[78] 1

Year-end charts

Chart (2006) Peak
position
Australian Singles Chart[79] 98
|Australian Urban Singles Chart[79] 34
|Belgian Singles Chart (Flanders)[80] 75
|Italian Singles Chart[81] 52
|Swiss Singles Chart[82] 55
|UK Singles Chart[83] 56
|US Billboard Hot 100[84] 65
|US Hot R&B/Hip Hop Songs[85] 25
|US Pop 100[86] 95

Certifications

Region (provider) Certifications
United States (RIAA) Gold[87]

Chart procession and succession

Preceded by
"Hips Don't Lie" by Shakira featuring Wyclef Jean		 UK Singles Chart number-one single
August 27, 2006		 Succeeded by
"SexyBack" by Justin Timberlake
Preceded by
"Shoulder Lean" by Young Dro featuring T.I.		 U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs number-one single
September 2, 2006 – September 9, 2006		 Succeeded by
"Pullin' Me Back" by Chingy featuring Tyrese
Preceded by
"A Public Affair" by Jessica Simpson		 U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play number-one single
October 14, 2006		 Succeeded by
"Is It Love?" by iiO

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External links

v · d · eBeyoncé singles
Discography · Videography · Songs · Awards and nominations · Tours
Dangerously in Love
"Crazy in Love" · "Baby Boy" · "Me, Myself and I" · "Naughty Girl"
#1's
B'Day
"Déjà Vu" · "Ring the Alarm" · "Irreplaceable" · "Beautiful Liar" · "Get Me Bodied" · "Green Light"
I Am... Sasha Fierce
"If I Were a Boy" · "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" · "Diva" · "Halo" · "Ego" · "Sweet Dreams" · "Broken-Hearted Girl" · "Video Phone"
4
"Run the World (Girls)" · "Best Thing I Never Had" · "Countdown" · "Party" · "Love on Top"
Featured singles
"I Got That" · "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" · "What More Can I Give" · "Hollywood" · "Amor Gitano" · "Until the End of Time" · "Love in This Club Part II" · "Just Stand Up!" · "Put It in a Love Song" · "Telephone" · "Lift Off"
Soundtrack singles
Promotional singles
"Daddy" · "Summertime" · "One Night Only" · "Upgrade U" · "Fever" · "Why Don't You Love Me" · "Wishing on a Star" · "1+1"
Other songs
"Dangerously in Love 2" · "The Closer I Get to You" · "Suga Mama" · "Kitty Kat" · "Freakum Dress" · "Flaws and All" · "Still in Love (Kissing You)" · "Honesty" · "God Bless the USA" · "Ave Maria" · "Radio" · "I Miss You" · "End of Time" · "I Was Here" · "Start Over"
Wikipedia book Book · Category Category · Portal Portal · Template Template · WikiProject WikiProject
v · d · eJay-Z singles
Reasonable Doubt
In My Lifetime, Vol. 1
Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life
Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter
The Dynasty: Roc La Familia
The Blueprint
The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse
The Black Album
Kingdom Come
American Gangster
The Blueprint 3
"D.O.A. (Death of Auto-Tune)" · "Run This Town" · "Empire State of Mind" · "On to the Next One" · "Young Forever"
Watch the Throne
(with Kanye West)
"H•A•M" · "Otis" · "Lift Off" · "Niggas in Paris" · "Why I Love You"
Collaborations
"20 Bag Shorty" · "Big Chips" · "Numb/Encore" · "Swagga Like Us"
As featured artist
"I'll Be" · "Money Ain't a Thang" · "Heartbreaker" · "4 da Fam" · "The Best of Me (Remix)" · "Fiesta (Remix)" · "Guess Who's Back" · "What We Do" · "Frontin'" · "Crazy in Love" · "Dear Summer" · "Go Crazy" · "Get Throwed" · "Déjà Vu" · "Upgrade U" · "Umbrella" · "Lost+" · "Mr. Carter" · "Money Goes, Honey Stay (When the Money Goes Remix)" · "I Wanna Rock (G-Mix)" · "XXXO" · "Hot Tottie" · "Monster" · "The Dark" · Talk That Talk (song)
Soundtrack singles
"Who You Wit" · "It's Alright" · "Girl's Best Friend" · "Hey Papi" · "La-La-La" · "Brooklyn Go Hard"
Other songs
"In My Lifetime" · "Renegade" · "Jockin' Jay-Z (Dopeboy Fresh)" · "Stranded (Haiti Mon Amour)" · "Power (Remix)" · "Who Gon Stop Me" · "So Appalled" · "No Church in the Wild"
Wikipedia book Book:Jay-Z · Category Category:Jay-Z songs · Portal Portal:Hip hop

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