Calcaneus

Calcaneus
Bone: Calcaneus
Subtalar Joint.PNG
Subtalar Joint
Gray266.png
Left calcaneus, lateral surface.
Latin Os calcis
Gray's subject #63 263
MeSH Calcaneus

In humans, the calcaneus (from the Latin calcaneum, meaning heel[1]) or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitute the heel. In some other animals, it is the point of the hock.

Contents

Human anatomy

Left calcaneus, superior and medial aspects.

In humans, the calcaneus is the largest of the tarsal bones and the largest bone of the foot. In it, several important structures can be distinguished:[2]

The posterior half of the bone is the tuber calcanei. On its lower edge on either sides are its lateral and medial processes (serving as the origins of the abductor hallucis and abductor digit minimi). The Achilles tendon is inserted into a roughened area on its superior side, the cuboid bone articulates with its anterior side, and on its superior side are three articular surfaces for the articulation with the talus bone. Between these superior articulations and the equivalents on the talus is the tarsal sinus (a canal occupied by the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament). On the medial side of the bone, below the middle talar facet, is the sustentaculum tali (which serves for the attachment of several other ligaments). On the lateral side is commonly a tubercle called the peroneal trochlea, under which is a groove for the tendon of the peroneus longus. [2]

In the calcaneus, an ossification center is developed during the 4-7th intrauterine month. [2]

With normal axial alignment in the hindfoot, the axes of the tibia and calcaneus lie on a vertical line (pes rectus). If the calcaneal axis is turned medially the foot is in an everted position (pes valgus), and if it is turned laterally the foot is in an inverted position (pes varus). [3]

Horse

The calcaneus has two articulations, being part of the Proximal intertarsal joint and the Talocalcaneal joint. As in humans it is the insertion of the gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor tendons. The point of the calcaneus is covered by the calcanean bursa.

See also

Additional images

Notes

  1. ^ Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary, Fourth Edition, Mosby-Year Book Inc., 1994, p. 242
  2. ^ a b c Platzer (2004), p 216
  3. ^ Thieme Atlas of Anatomy (2006), p 410

References

  • Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1. 
  • Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System. Thieme. 2006. ISBN 1-58890-419-9. 

External links


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Calcaneus — Vue supérieure du calcaneus droit. Le calcanéus (anciennement calcaneum) est le plus volumineux des os du tarse. Situé sous le talus, il a la forme d un parallélépipède, plus haut que large, à grand axe allongé en avant, en haut et en dehors. Le… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Calcanĕus — (lat.), Fersenbein, s. Fuß …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • calcaneus — from L. (os) calcaneum bone of the heel, from calcem (nom. calx (1)) heel …   Etymology dictionary

  • calcaneus — [kal kā′nēəm] n. pl. calcanea [kal kā′nēəkal kā′nē əs] n. calcanei [kal′kā′nē ī΄] [LL < L calcaneum < calx, the heel: see CALCAR] 1. the large tarsal bone that forms the heel in humans; heel bone 2. a homologous bone in other tetrapod… …   English World dictionary

  • Calcanéus — Vue supérieure du calcaneus droit. Le calcanéus (anciennement calcaneum) est le plus volumineux des os du tarse. Situé sous le talus, il a la forme d un parallélépipède, plus haut que large, à grand axe allongé en avant, en haut et en dehors. Le… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Calcaneus — The calcaneus is the heel bone. It is also called the os calcis. The calcaneus is a more or less rectangular bone at the back of the foot. The word calcaneus comes from the Latin calx meaning limestone. The heel bone looked like a lump of chalk… …   Medical dictionary

  • Calcaneus — Das Fersenbein (lat. Calcaneus, eingedeutscht auch Kalkaneus) ist ein kurzer Knochen der Fußwurzel. Das Fersenbein Das Fersenbein (unten). Der Körper des Fersenbeines ist grob quaderförmig. Unter der M …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • calcaneus — calcaneal, calcanean, adj. /kal kay nee euhs/, n., pl. calcanei / nee uy /. 1. Anat. the largest tarsal bone, forming the prominence of the heel. 2. Zool. the corresponding bone in other vertebrates. Also, calcaneum. Also called heel bone. [1920… …   Universalium

  • Calcaneus — Cal|ca|ne|us [kal ka:neus] der; , ...nei [...nei] <aus nlat. calcaneus, dies zu lat. calx, Gen. calcis »Ferse«> Fersenbein, hinterster Fußwurzelknochen (Med., Biol.) …   Das große Fremdwörterbuch

  • Calcaneus — kulnakaulis statusas T sritis gyvūnų anatomija, gyvūnų morfologija atitikmenys: lot. Calcaneus ryšiai: platesnis terminas – kulno kaulai siauresnis terminas – kubinis sąnarinis paviršius siauresnis terminas – kulnakaulio gumburas siauresnis… …   Veterinarinės anatomijos, histologijos ir embriologijos terminai

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