- List of state leaders in 1988
Africa
*
Algeria -
**President -Chadli Bendjedid ,President of Algeria (1979 -1992 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Abdelhamid Brahimi ,Prime Minister of Algeria (1984 -1988 )
**#Kasdi Merbah ,Prime Minister of Algeria (1988 -1989 )
*Angola -José Eduardo dos Santos ,President of Angola (1979 -present)
*Benin -Mathieu Kérékou ,President of Benin (1972 -1991 )
*Botswana -Quett Masire ,President of Botswana (1980 -1998 )
*Burkina Faso -Blaise Compaoré , President of Burkina Faso (1987 -present)
*Burundi -
**President -Pierre Buyoya ,President of Burundi (1987 -1993 )
**Prime Minister -Adrien Sibomana ,Prime Minister of Burundi (19 October 1988 -1993 )
*Cameroon -Paul Biya ,President of Cameroon (1982 -present)
*Cape Verde -
**President -Aristides Pereira ,President of Cape Verde (1975 -1991 )
**Prime Minister -Pedro Pires ,Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975 -1991 )
*Central African Republic -André Kolingba ,President of the Central African Republic (1986 -1993 , Head of State1981 -1986 )
*Chad -Hissène Habré ,President of Chad (1982 -1990 )
*Comoros -Ahmed Abdallah , President of the Comoros (1978 -1989 )
* Congo -
**Chairman of the Communist Party -Denis Sassou-Nguesso ,Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labour Party (1979 -1991 )
**President -Denis Sassou-Nguesso ,President of Congo (1979 -1992 )
**Prime Minister -Ange-Édouard Poungui ,Prime Minister of Congo (1984 -1989 )
*Côte d'Ivoire -Félix Houphouët-Boigny ,President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960 -1993 )
*Djibouti
**President -Hassan Gouled Aptidon ,President of Djibouti (1977 -1999 )
**Prime Minister -Barkat Gourad Hamadou ,Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978 -2001 )
*Equatorial Guinea
**President -Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo ,President of Equatorial Guinea (1979 -present)
**Prime Minister -Cristino Seriche Bioko ,Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982 -1992 )
*Ethiopia
**President -Mengistu Haile Mariam ,President of Ethiopia (1987 -1991 , Head of State1977 -1987 )
**Prime Minister -Fikre-Selassie Wogderess ,Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1987 -1989 )
*Gabon
**President -Omar Bongo ,President of Gabon (1967 -present)
**Prime Minister -Léon Mébiame ,Prime Minister of Gabon (1975 -1994 )
*The Gambia - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970 -1994 )
*Ghana -Jerry John Rawlings ,President of Ghana (1981 -2001 )
*Guinea -Lansana Conté ,President of Guinea (1984 -present)
*Guinea-Bissau -João Bernardo Vieira , Chairman of the Council of State (1984 -1994 , President1994 -1999 )
*Kenya -Daniel arap Moi ,President of Kenya (1978 -2002 )
*Lesotho -
**Monarch - Moshoeshoe II,King of Lesotho (1970 -1990 )
**Head of Government -Justin Metsing Lekhanya , Chairman of the Military Council (1986 -1991 )
*Liberia -Samuel Doe ,President of Liberia (1984 -1990 , Chairman of the People's Redemption Council1980 -1984 )
*Libya -
**"De Facto" Head of State -Muammar al-Gaddafi , Guide of the Revolution (1969 -present)
**"De Jure" Head of State -Mifta al-Usta Umar , General Secretary of the General People's Congress (1984 -1990 )
**Head of Government -Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir , General Secretary of the General People's Committee (1987 -1990 )
*Madagascar -
**President -Didier Ratsiraka ,President of Madagascar (1975 -1993 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Désiré Rakotoarijaona ,Prime Minister of Madagascar (1977 -1988 )
**#Victor Ramahatra ,Prime Minister of Madagascar (1988 -1991 )
*Malawi - Hastings Kamuzu Banda,President of Malawi (1966 -1994 )
*Mali -
**President -Moussa Traoré ,President of Mali (1979 -1991 , Head of State1968 -1979 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Mamadou Dembelé ,Prime Minister of Mali (1986 -1988 )
**# None (1988 -1991 )
*Mauritania -
**Head of State -Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya , Head of State (1984 -1992 , President1992 -present)
**Prime Minister -Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya ,Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984 -1992 )
*Mauritius -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968 -1992 )
**Governor-General - Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo,Governor-General of Mauritius (1986 -1992 , President1992 )
**Prime Minister -Anerood Jugnauth ,Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982 -1995 )
*Morocco -
**Monarch - Hassan II,King of Morocco (1961 -1999 )
**Prime Minister -Azzedine Laraki ,Prime Minister of Morocco (1986 -1992 )
*Mozambique -
**President -Joaquim Chissano , President of Mozambique (1986 –2005 )
**Prime Minister -Mário da Graça Machungo , Prime Minister of Mozambique (1986 –1994 )
*Niger -
**Head of State -Ali Saibou , President of the Supreme Military Council (1987 -1989 , President1989 -1993 )
*Nigeria -Ibrahim Babangida , President and Chairman of the Armed Forces Ruling Council (1985 -1993 )
*Rwanda -Juvénal Habyarimana ,President of Rwanda (1973 -1994 )
*São Tomé and Príncipe -
**President -Manuel Pinto da Costa ,President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975 -1991 )
**Prime Minister -
**# "none" (1979 -1988 )
**#Celestino Rocha da Costa ,Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1988 -1991 )
*Senegal
** President -Abdou Diouf ,President of Senegal (1981 -2000 )
*Seychelles -France-Albert René ,President of Seychelles (1977 -2004 )
*Sierra Leone -Joseph Saidu Momoh ,President of Sierra Leone (1985 -1992 )
*Somalia -
**President -Muhammad Siad Barre ,President of Somalia (1976 -1991 , Head of State1969 -1976 )
**Prime Minister -Mohamed Ali Samatar ,Prime Minister of Somalia (1987 -1990 )
*South Africa -Pieter Willem Botha ,State President of South Africa (1984 -1989 )
*Sudan -
**Head of State -Ahmad al-Mirghani , Chairman of the Supreme Council (1986 -1989 )
**Prime Minister -Sadiq al-Mahdi ,Prime Minister of the Sudan (1986 -1989 )
*Swaziland
**Monarch - Mswati III,King of Swaziland (1986 -present)
**Prime Minister -Sotsha Dlamini ,Prime Minister of Swaziland (1986 -1989 )
*Tanzania
**President -Ali Hassan Mwinyi ,President of Tanzania (1985 -1995 )
**Prime Minister -Joseph Sinde Warioba ,Prime Minister of Tanzania (1985 -1990 )
*Togo -Gnassingbe Eyadema ,President of Togo (1967 -2005 )
*Tunisia
**President -Zine El Abidine Ben Ali ,President of Tunisia (1987 -present)
**Prime Minister -Hédi Baccouche ,Prime Minister of Tunisia (1987 -1989 )
*Uganda -
**President -Yoweri Museveni ,President of Uganda (1986 -present)
**Prime Minister -Samson Kisekka ,Prime Minister of Uganda (1986 -1991 )
*Western Sahara (disputed withMorocco ) -
**President -Mohamed Abdelaziz ,President of Western Sahara (1982 -present, Head of State1976 -1982 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed ,Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1985 -1988 )
**#Mahfoud Ali Beiba ,Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1988 -1993 )
*Zaire -
**President -Mobutu Sese Seko ,President of Zaire (1965 -1997 )
**Head of Government -
**#Mabi Mulumba , First State Commissioner of Zaire (1987 -1988 )
**#Sambwa Pida Nbagui , First State Commissioner of Zaire (1988 )
**#Kengo Wa Dondo , First State Commissioner of Zaire (1988 -1990 )
*Zambia -
**President -Kenneth Kaunda ,President of Zambia (1964 -1991 )
**Prime Minister -Kebby Musokotwane ,Prime Minister of Zambia (1985 -1989 )
*Zimbabwe -Robert Mugabe ,President of Zimbabwe (1987 -present)Asia
*
Afghanistan -
**General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party -Mohammad Najibullah ,General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (1986 -1992 )
**President -Mohammad Najibullah ,President of Afghanistan (1987 -1992 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Sultan Ali Keshtmand ,Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1981 -1988 )
**#Mohammad Hasan Sharq ,Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1988 -1989 )
*Bangladesh -
**President -Hossain Mohammad Ershad , President of Bangladesh (1983 –1990 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury ,Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1986 –1988 )
**#Moudud Ahmed ,Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1988 –1989 )
*Bhutan -Jigme Singye Wangchuck , King of Bhutan (1972 -present)
*Brunei -
**Monarch -Muda Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzadin Waddaulah , Sultan (1967 -present)
**Prime Minister -Muda Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzadin Waddaulah ,Prime Minister of Brunei (1984 -present)
* Burma -
**Head of State -
**#San Yu ,President of Burma (1981 -1988 )
**#Sein Lwin ,President of Burma (1988 )
**#Aye Ko , Acting President of Burma (1988 )
**#Maung Maung ,President of Burma (1988 )
**#Saw Maung ,Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council of Burma (1988 -1992 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Maung Maung Kha ,Prime Minister of Burma (1977 -1988 )
**#Tun Tin ,Prime Minister of Burma (1988 )
**#Saw Maung ,Prime Minister of Burma (1988 -1992 )
*People's Republic of China -
**"de facto" leader -Deng Xiaoping (late1970s -early1990s )
**Communist Party Leader -Zhao Ziyang ,General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1987 -1989 )
**President -
**#Li Xiannian ,President of the People's Republic of China (1983 -1988 )
**#Yang Shangkun ,President of the People's Republic of China (1988 -1993 )
**Premier -Li Peng ,Premier of the People's Republic of China (1987 -1998 )
*India -
**President -Ramaswamy Venkataraman ,President of India (1987 -1992 )
**Prime Minister -Rajiv Gandhi ,Prime Minister of India (1984 -1989 )
*Indonesia -Haji Mohammad Suharto , President of Indonesia (1967 –1998 )
*Iran
** Supreme Leader -Ruhollah Khomeini ,Supreme Leader of Iran (1979 –1989 )
** President -Ali Khamenei ,President of Iran (1981 –1989 )
** Prime Minister -Mir-Hossein Mousavi ,Prime Minister of Iran (1981 –1989 )
*Japan -
**Monarch -Showa Emperor ,Emperor of Japan (1926 -1989 )
**Prime Minister -Noboru Takeshita ,Prime Minister of Japan (1987 -1989 )
* Kampuchea -
**Secretary General of the Communist Party -Heng Samrin ,Secretary-General of the People's Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea (1981 -1991 )
**Head of State -Heng Samrin , Chairman of the Council of State of Kampuchea (1981 -1992 )
**Prime Minister -Hun Sen , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Kampuchea (1985 -1993 )
* Democratic People's Republic of Korea -
**Communist Party Leader -Kim Il Sung ,General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (1948 -1994 )
**President -Kim Il Sung ,President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1972 -1994 )
**Head of Government -Yon Hyong Muk , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988 -1992 )
* Republic of Korea -
**President -
**#Chun Doo-hwan , President of the Republic of Korea (1980 -1988 )
**#Roh Tae-woo , President of the Republic of Korea (1988 -1993 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Kim Chung-yul , Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1987 -1988 )
**#Lee Hyun-jae , Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1988 )
**#Kang Young-hoon , Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1988 -1990 )
*Laos
**General Secretary of the Communist Party -Kaysone Phomvihan ,General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1955 -1991 , leading role in the state from1975 )
**President -Souphanouvong (1975 -1991 ),President of Laos (1975 -1991 )
**Acting President -Phoumi Vongvichit , Acting President of Laos (1986 -1991 )
**Head of Government -Kaysone Phomvihan , Chairman of the Counil of Ministers (1975 -1991 )
*Malaysia -
**Monarch -Tuanku Mahmud Iskandar ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ismail ,Paramount Ruler of Malaysia (1984 -1989 )
**Prime Minister -Mahathir bin Mohamad ,Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981 -2003 )
*Maldives -Maumoon Abdul Gayoom ,President of the Maldives (1978 -present)
*Mongolia -
**Communist Party Leader -Jambyn Batmönkh , General Secretary of the Central Committee of theMongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1984 -1990 )
**Head of State -Jambyn Batmönkh , Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural (1984 -1990 )
**Head of Government -Dumaagiin Sodnom , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1984 -1990 )
*Nepal -
**Monarch -Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev ,King of Nepal (1972 -2001 )
**Prime Minister -Marich Man Singh Shrestha , Prime Minister of Nepal (1986 -1990 )
*Pakistan -
**President -
**#Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ,President of Pakistan (1978 -1988 )
**#Ghulam Ishaq Khan ,President of Pakistan (1988 -1993 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Muhammad Khan Junejo ,Prime Minister of Pakistan (1985 -1988 )
**#Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ,Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988 )
**# "none" (1988 )
**#Benazir Bhutto ,Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988 -1990 )
*Philippines -Corazon Aquino ,President of the Philippines (1986 -1992 )
*Singapore -
**President -Wee Kim Wee ,President of Singapore (1985 -1993 )
**Prime Minister -Lee Kuan Yew ,Prime Minister of Singapore (1959 -1990 )
*Sri Lanka -
**President -Junius Richard Jayewardene ,President of Sri Lanka (1978 -1989 )
**Prime Minister -Ranasinghe Premadasa ,Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1978 -1989 )
* Taiwan (Republic of China ) -
**President -
**#Chiang Ching-kuo ,President of the Republic of China (1978 -1988 )
**#Lee Teng-hui ,President of the Republic of China (1988 -2000 )
**#Chen Shui-bian ,President of the Republic of China (2000 -2008 )
*Thailand -
** King - Rama IX, King of Thailand (1946 -present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Prem Tinsulanond ,Prime Minister of Thailand (1980 -1988 )
**#Chatichai Choonhavan ,Prime Minister of Thailand (1988 -1991 )
*Vietnam -
**Communist Party Leader -Nguyen Van Linh ,General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1986 -1991 )
**Head of State -Vo Chi Cong , Chairman of the State Council (1987 -1992 )
**Head of Government -
**#Pham Hung , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1987 -1988 )
**#Vo Van Kiet , Acting Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988 )
**#Do Muoi , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988 -1991 )Australia and Oceania
*
Australia -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II,Queen of Australia (1952 -present)
**Governor-General - SirNinian Stephen ,Governor-General of Australia (1982 -1989 )
**Prime Minister -Bob Hawke ,Prime Minister of Australia (1983 -1991 )
*Fiji -
**President - Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, President of Fiji (5 December ,1987 -16 December ,1993 )
**Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (5 December ,1987 -2 June ,1992 )
*Kiribati -Ieremia Tabai ,President of Kiribati (1983 –1991 )
*Federated States of Micronesia -John Haglelgam ,President of the Federated States of Micronesia (1987 –1991 )
*Marshall Islands -Amata Kabua ,President of the Marshall Islands (1979 –1996 )
*Nauru -Hammer DeRoburt ,President of Nauru (1986 -1989 )
*New Zealand -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952 -present)
**Governor-General - Sir Paul Reeves,Governor-General of New Zealand (1985 -1990 )
**Prime Minister -David Lange ,Prime Minister of New Zealand (1984 -1989 )
*Papua New Guinea -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II,Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975 -present)
**Governor-General - Sir Kingsford Dibela,Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1983 -1989 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Paias Wingti ,Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1985 -1988 )
**#Rabbie Namaliu ,Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1988 -1992 )
*Solomon Islands -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978 –present)
**Governor-General -
**#Baddeley Devesi ,Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1978 –1988 )
**#George Lepping ,Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1988 –1994 )
**Prime Minister -Ezekiel Alebua ,Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1986 –1989 )
*Tonga
** Monarch -Taufa'ahau Tupou IV , King of Tonga (1965 –2006 )
** Prime Minister - Tu'i Pelehake (Fatafehi),Prime Minister of Tonga , (1965 –1991 )
*Tuvalu
** Monarch - Elizabeth II,Queen of Tuvalu (1978 -present)
** Governor-General - SirTupua Leupena ,Governor-General of Tuvalu (1986 -1990 )
** Prime Minister -Tomasi Puapua ,Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1981 -1989 )
*Vanuatu -
**President -George Kalkoa ,President of Vanuatu (1984 –1989 )
**Prime Minister -Walter Lini ,Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1980 –1991 )
*Western Samoa -
**Monarch -Malietoa Tanumafili II ,Head of State of Western Samoa (1963 -present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Va'ai Kolone ,Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1985 -1988 )
**#Tofilau Eti Alesana ,Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1988 -1998 )Europe
*
Albania -
**First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor -Ramiz Alia ,First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1985 -1991 )
**Head of State -Ramiz Alia , Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982 -1991 )
**Premier -Adil Çarçani , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1982 -1991 )
*Andorra -
**Co-Princes -
***François Mitterrand ,President of France (1981 -1995 )
***Joan Martí Alanis ,Bishop of Urgel (1971 -2003 )
**First Syndic -Francesc Cerqueda Pascuet ,First Syndic of Andorra (1982 -1990 )
**Head of Government -Josep Pintat-Solans ,Head of Government of Andorra (1984 -1990 )
*Austria -
**President -Kurt Waldheim , Federal President of Austria (1986 –1992 )
**Chancellor -Franz Vranitzky ,Chancellor of Austria (1986 –1997 )
*Belgium -
**Monarch - Baldwin I,King of the Belgians (1951 -1993 )
**Prime Minister -Wilfried Martens ,Prime Minister of Belgium (1981 -1992 )
*Bulgaria -
**Communist Party Leader -Todor Zhivkov ,General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954 -1989 )
**Head of State -Todor Zhivkov , Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria (1971 -1989 )
**Premier -Georgi Atanasov , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1986 -1990 )
*Cyprus -
*#Spyros Kyprianou ,President of Cyprus (1977 -1988 )
*#Georgios Vasiliou ,President of Cyprus (1988 -1993 )
*Czechoslovakia -
**Communist Party Leader -Miloš Jakeš ,General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1987 -1989 )
**President -Gustáv Husák ,President of Czechoslovakia (1975 -1989 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Lubomír Strougal ,Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970 -1988 )
**#Ladislav Adamec ,Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1988 -1989 )
*Denmark -
**Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972 -present)
**Prime Minister -Poul Schlüter ,Prime Minister of Denmark (1982 -1993 )
*Finland -
**President -Mauno Koivisto ,President of Finland (1981 -1994 )
**Prime Minister -Harri Holkeri ,Prime Minister of Finland (1987 -1991 )
*France -
**President -François Mitterrand ,President of France (1981 -1995 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Jacques Chirac ,Prime Minister of France (1986 -1988 )
**#Michel Rocard ,Prime Minister of France (1988 -1991 )
* Federal Republic of Germany -
**President -Richard von Weizsäcker , President of the Federal Republic of Germany (1984 -1994 )
**Chancellor -Helmut Kohl , Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (1982 -1998 )
* German Democratic Republic -
**Communist Party Leader -Erich Honecker ,General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971 -1989 )
**Head of State -Erich Honecker , Chairman of the Council of State (1976 -1989 )
**Head of Government -Willi Stoph , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1976 -1989 )
*Greece -
**President -Christos Sartzetakis ,President of Greece (1985 -1990 )
**Prime Minister -Andreas Papandreou ,Prime Minister of Greece (1981 -1989 )
*Hungary -
**Communist Party Leader-
**#János Kádár ,First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956 -1988 )
**#Károly Grósz ,First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1988 -1989 )
**Head of State -
**#Károly Németh , Chairman of the Presidential Council (1987 -1988 )
**#Brunó Ferenc Straub , Chairman of the Presidential Council (1988 -1989 )
**Premier -
**#Károly Grósz , President of the Council of Ministers (1987 -1988 )
**#Miklós Németh , President of the Council of Ministers (1988 -1990 )
*Iceland -
**President -Vigdís Finnbogadóttir ,President of Iceland (1980 -1996 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Thorsteinn Pálsson ,Prime Minister of Iceland (1987 -1988 )
**#Steingrímur Hermannsson ,Prime Minister of Iceland (1988 -1991 )
* Ireland -
**President -Patrick Hillery ,President of Ireland (1976 -1990 )
**Prime Minister -Charles Haughey ,Taoiseach (1987 -1992 )
*Italy -
**President -Francesco Cossiga , President of the Italian Republic (1985 -1992 )
**Prime Minister -
**#Giovanni Goria ,Prime Minister of Italy (1987 -1988 )
**#Ciriaco De Mita ,Prime Minister of Italy (1988 -1989 )
*Liechtenstein -
**Monarch - Franz Joseph II,Prince of Liechtenstein (1938 -1989 )
**Regent - Hereditary Prince Hans-Adam II, Regent of Liechtenstein (1984 -1989 , Prince1989 -present)
**Head of Government -Hans Brunhart ,Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978 -1993 )
*Luxembourg -
**Monarch - Jean,Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964 -2000 )
**Prime Minister -Jacques Santer ,Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984 -1995 )
*Malta -
**Head of State -Paul Xuereb , Acting President of Malta (1987 -1989 )
**Prime Minister -Eddie Fenech Adami ,Prime Minister of Malta (1987 -1996 )
*Monaco -
**Monarch - Rainier III,Prince of Monaco (1949 -2005 )
**Head of Government -Jean Ausseil ,Minister of State of Monaco (1985 -1991 )
*Netherlands -
**Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands(1980 -present)
**Prime Minister -Ruud Lubbers ,Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982 -1994 )
*Norway -
**Monarch - Olav V,King of Norway (1957 -1991 )
**Prime Minister -Gro Harlem Brundtland ,Prime Minister of Norway (1986 -1989 )
*Poland -
**Communist Party Leader -Wojciech Jaruzelski , Secretary-General of the Polish United Workers' Party (1981 -1989 )
**Head of State -Wojciech Jaruzelski , Chairman of the Council of State (1985 -1989 , President1989 -1990 )
**Premier -
**#Zbigniew Messner , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985 -1988 )
**#Mieczysław Rakowski , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988 -1989 )
*Portugal -
**President -Mário Soares ,President of Portugal (1986 -1996 )
**Prime Minister -Aníbal Cavaco Silva ,Prime Minister of Portugal (1985 -1995 )
*Romania -
**Communist Party Leader -Nicolae Ceauşescu ,General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965 -1989 )
**Head of State -Nicolae Ceauşescu , President of the State Council (1967 -1989 )
**Premier -Constantin Dăscălescu , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1982 -1989 )
*San Marino -
**Captains-General -
**#Rossano Zafferani andGian Franco Terenzi , Captains-General of San Marino (1987 -1988 )
**#Umberto Barulli andRosolino Martelli , Captains-General of San Marino (1988 )
**#Luciano Cardelli andReves Salvatori , Captains-General of San Marino (1988 -1989 )
*Spain
**Monarch - Juan Carlos I,King of Spain (1975 -present)
**Prime Minister -Felipe González , President of the Government (1982 -1996 )
*Sweden -
**Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973 -present)
**Prime Minister -Ingvar Carlsson ,Prime Minister of Sweden (1986 -1991 )
*Switzerland -
**Swiss Federal Council -Otto Stich ,Jean-Pascal Delamuraz ,Elisabeth Kopp ,Arnold Koller ,Flavio Cotti ,René Felber ,Adolf Ogi ;members of the Swiss Federal Council .
* Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -
**Communist Party Leader -Mikhail Gorbachev ,General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985 -1991 )
**Head of State -
**#Andrei Gromyko ,Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985 -1988 )
**#Mikhail Gorbachev ,Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1988 -1989 , Chairman of the Supreme Soviet1989 -1990 , President1990 -1991 )
**Premier -Nikolai Ryzhkov , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985 -1991 )
*Turkey
** President -Kenan Evren , President of Turkey (1982-1989)
** Prime Minister -Turgut Özal ,Prime Minister of Turkey (1983-1989)
*United Kingdom -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II,Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-present)
**Prime Minister -Margaret Thatcher ,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979 -1990 )
* Yugoslavia -
**Communist Party Leader -
**#Boško Krunić ,President of the Presidium of the League of Communists (1987 -1988 )
**#Stipe Šuvar ,President of the Presidium of the League of Communists (1988 -1989 )
**Head of State -
**#Lazar Mojsov ,President of the Collective Presidency (1987 -1988 )
**#Raif Dizdarević ,President of the Collective Presidency (1988 -1989 )
**Premier -Branko Mikulić , President of the Federal Executive Council (1986 -1989 )
*Vatican City
** Pope - John Paul II,Bishop of Rome (1978 -2005 )
** Secretary of State -Agostino Cardinal Casaroli ,Cardinal Secretary of State (1979 -1990 )Middle East
*
Bahrain -
**Monarch -Isa ibn Salman al-Khalifa ,Emir of Bahrain (1971 -1999 , Ruler1961 -1971 )
**Prime Minister -Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah ,Prime Minister of Bahrain (1971 -present)
*Egypt -
**President -Hosni Mubarak ,President of Egypt (1981 -present)
**Prime Minister -Atef Sedki ,Prime Minister of Egypt (1986 -1996 )
*Iran -
**Supreme Leader - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini,Supreme Leader of Iran (1980 -1989 )
**President -Ali Khamenei ,President of Iran (1981 -1989 )
**Prime Minister -Mir Hossein Moussavi ,Prime Minister of Iran (1981 -1989 )
*Iraq -
**President -Saddam Hussein ,President of Iraq (1979 -2003 )
**Prime Minister -Saddam Hussein ,Prime Minister of Iraq (1979 -1991 )
*Israel -
**President -Chaim Herzog ,President of Israel (1983 -1993 )
**Prime Minister -Yitzhak Shamir ,Prime Minister of Israel (1986 -1992 )
*Jordan -
**Monarch - Hussein,King of Jordan (1952 -1999 )
**Prime Minister -Zaid ar-Rifai ,Prime Minister of Jordan (1985 -1989 )
*Kuwait -
**Monarch -Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah ,Emir of Kuwait (1977 -present)
**Prime Minister -Sheikh Saad Al Abdullah Al Salim Al Sabah ,Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978 -2003 )
*Lebanon -
**President -
**#Amin Gemayel , President of Lebanon (1982 -1988 )
**# Sélim Ahmed al-Hoss, Acting President of Lebanon (1988 -1989 )
**Prime Minister -
**# Sélim Ahmed al-Hoss,Prime Minister of Lebanon (1987 -1990 )
**#Michel Aoun , Chairman of Military Cabinet (1988 -1990 , in opposition to al-Hoss)
*Oman -
**Monarch -Qabus ibn Sa'id ,Sultan of Oman (1970 -present)
**Prime Minister -Qabus ibn Sa'id ,Prime Minister of Oman (1972 -present)
*Qatar -
**Monarch -Sheikh Khalifah ibn Hamad Al Thani ,Emir of Qatar (1972 -1995 )
**Prime Minister -Sheikh Khalifah ibn Hamad Al Thani ,Prime Minister of Qatar (1970 -1995 )
*Saudi Arabia -
**Monarch - Fahd,King of Saudi Arabia (1982 -present)
**Prime Minister - Fahd,Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982 -present)
*Syria -
**President -Hafez al-Assad ,President of Syria (1971 -2000 )
**Prime Minister -Mahmoud Zuabi ,Prime Minister of Syria (1987 -2000 )
*United Arab Emirates -
**President -Sheikh Zaid ibn Sultan Al Nahayan ,President of the United Arab Emirates (1971 -present)
**Prime Minister -Sheikh Rashid ibn Said Al Maktum ,Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1979 -1990 )
*People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
** President -Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas , Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council (1986 -1990 )
** Prime Minister -Yasin Said Numan , Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1986 -1990 )
*Yemen Arab Republic
** President -Ali Abdullah Saleh , President of the Yemen Arab Republic (1978 -1990 )
** Prime Minister -Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani , Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic (1983 -1990 )North America and the Caribbean
*
Antigua and Barbuda -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981 –present)
**Governor-General -Wilfred Jacobs , Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1981 –1993 )
**Prime Minister -Vere Bird , Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1981 –1994 )
*Bahamas -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II,Queen of the Bahamas (1973 –present)
**Governor-General -
**#Gerald Cash , Governor-General of the Bahamas (1979 –1988 )
**#Henry Milton Taylor , Governor-General of the Bahamas (1988 –1992 )
**Prime Minister -Lynden Pindling , Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1973 –1992 )
*Barbados -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966 –present)
**Governor-General -Hugh Springer , Governor-General of Barbados (1984 –1990 )
**Prime Minister -Lloyd Erskine Sandiford , Prime Minister of Barbados (1987 –1994 )
*Belize -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981 –present)
**Governor-General -Elmira Minita Gordon , Governor-General of Belize (1981 –1993 )
**Prime Minister -Manuel Esquivel , Prime Minister of Belize (1984 –1989 )
*Canada -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II,Queen of Canada (1952 -present)
**Governor-General -Jeanne Sauvé ,Governor-General of Canada (1984 -1990 )
**Prime Minister -Brian Mulroney ,Prime Minister of Canada (1984 -1993 )
*Costa Rica -Óscar Arias , President of Costa Rica (1986 –1990 )
*Cuba -Fidel Castro ,President of Cuba (1976 -2008 )
*Dominica -
**President -Clarence Augustus Seignoret , President of Dominica (1983 –1993 )
**Prime Minister -Eugenia Charles , Prime Minister of Dominica (1980 –1995 )
*Dominican Republic -Joaquín Balaguer , President of the Dominican Republic (1986 –1996 )
*El Salvador -José Napoleón Duarte ,President of El Salvador (1984 -1989 )
*Grenada -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II,Queen of Grenada (1974 -present)
**Governor-General - Sir Paul Scoon,Governor-General of Grenada (1978 -1992 )
**Prime Minister -Herbert Blaize ,Prime Minister of Grenada (1984 -1989 )
*Guatemala -Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo ,President of Guatemala (1986 -1991 )
*Haiti -
**Head of State -
**#Henri Namphy , Chairman of the National Council (1986 -1988 )
**#Leslie Manigat ,President of Haiti (1988 )
**#Henri Namphy ,President of Haiti (1988 )
**#Prosper Avril ,President of Haiti (1988 -1990 )
**Prime Minister -Martial Célestin ,Prime Minister of Haiti (9 February -20 June 1988 )
*Honduras -José Azcona del Hoyo ,President of Honduras (1986 -1990 )
*Jamaica -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II,Queen of Jamaica (1962 -present)
**Governor-General - Sir Florizel Glasspole,Governor-General of Jamaica (1973 -1991 )
**Prime Minister -Edward Seaga ,Prime Minister of Jamaica (1980 -1989 )
*Mexico -
*#Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado ,President of Mexico (1982 -1988 )
*#Carlos Salinas de Gortari ,President of Mexico (1988 -1994 )
*Nicaragua -Daniel Ortega ,President of Nicaragua (1985 -1990 )
*Panama - President -
*#Eric Arturo Delvalle ,President of Panama (1985 -1988 )
*#Manuel Solís Palma ,President of Panama (1988 -1989 )
*Saint Kitts and Nevis -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II,Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983 -present)
**Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell,Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983 -1995 )
**Prime Minister -Kennedy Simmonds ,Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995 -present)
*Saint Lucia -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II,Queen of Saint Lucia (1979 -present)
**Governor-General -
**#Vincent Floissac , Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1987 -1988 )
**#Stanislaus James , Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1988 -1992 , Governor-General1992 -1996 )
**Prime Minister -John Compton ,Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982 -1996 )
*Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II,Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979 -present)
**Governor-General -
**# Sir Joseph Lambert Eustace,Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1985 -1988 )
**#Henry Harvey Williams , Acting Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1988 -1989 )
**Prime Minister -James Fitz-Allen Mitchell ,Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984 -2000 )
*Trinidad and Tobago -
**President -Noor Hassanali ,President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987 -1997 )
**Prime Minister - A.N.R. Robinson,Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1986 -1991 )
* United States of America -Ronald Reagan ,President of the United States (1981 -1989 )outh America
*
Argentina -Raúl Alfonsín , President of Argentina (1983 -1989 )
*Bolivia -Víctor Paz Estenssoro ,President of Bolivia (1985 -1989 )
*Brazil -José Sarney , President of Brazil (1985 -1990 )
*Chile -Augusto Pinochet ,President of Chile (1973 -1990 )
*Colombia -Virgilio Barco Vargas , President of Colombia (1986 -1990 )
*Ecuador -
*#León Febres Cordero , President of Ecuador (1984 -1988 )
*#Rodrigo Borja Cevallos , President of Ecuador (1988 -1992 )
*Guyana -
**President -Desmond Hoyte , President of Guyana (1985 -1992 )
**Prime Minister -Hamilton Green , Prime Minister of Guyana (1985 -1992 )
*Paraguay -Alfredo Stroessner , President of Paraguay (1954 -1989 )
*Peru -Alan García Pérez , President of Peru (1985 -1990 )
*Suriname -
**President -
**#Ramdat Misier ,President of Suriname (1982 -1988 )
**#Ramsewak Shankar ,President of Suriname (1988 -1990 )
**Prime Minister -Jules Wijdenbosch ,Prime Minister of Suriname (1987 -1988 ) (post then abolished)
*Uruguay -Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo , President of Uruguay (1985 -1990 )
*Venezuela -Jaime Lusinchi , President of Venezuela (1984 -1989 )
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