List of state leaders in 1989

Africa

* Algeria
** President - Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria (1979-1992)
** Prime Minister -
**# Kasdi Merbah, Prime Minister of Algeria (1988-1989)
**# Mouloud Hamrouche, Prime Minister of Algeria (1989-1991)
* Angola - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979-present)
* Benin - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972-1991)
* Botswana - Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980-1998)
* Burkina Faso - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987-present)
* Cape Verde
** President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
** Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
* Comoros
** President -
**# Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1978-1989)
**# Said Mohamed Djohar, President of the Comoros (1989-1995)
* Côte d'Ivoire - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960-1993)
* Djibouti -
** President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977-1999)
** Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978-2001)
* Equatorial Guinea
** President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)
** Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982-1992)
* Ethiopia
**President - Mengistu Haile Mariam, President of Ethiopia (1977-1991)
**Prime Minister -
**# Fikre Selassie Wogderess, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1987-1989)
**# Hailu Yimenu, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1989-1991)
* Gabon
**President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-present)
**Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame, Prime Minister of Gabon (1975-1990)
* The Gambia - Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970-1994)
* Guinea - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984-present)
* Kenya - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)
* Liberia - Samuel K. Doe, President of Liberia (1980-1990)
* Malawi - Hastings Kamuzu Banda, President of Malawi (1966-1994)
* Mali - Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (1968-1991)
* Mauritania
** President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984-2005)
** Prime Minister - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984-1992)
* Mauritius
** Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968-1992)
** Governor-General - Veerasamy Ringadoo, Governor-General of Mauritius (1986-1992)
** Prime Minister - Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982-1995)
* Morocco -
** Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
** Prime Minister - Azzeddine Laraki, Prime Minister of Morocco (1986–1992)
*Mozambique -
**President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
**Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1986–1994)
* Nigeria - Ibrahim Babangida, President of Nigeria (1985-1993)
* Rwanda - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973-1994)
* São Tomé and Príncipe
** President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975-1991)
** Prime Minister - Celestino Rocha da Costa, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1988-1991)
* Senegal
** President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981-2000)
* Seychelles - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)
* Somalia - Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1969-1991)
* Swaziland
** Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986-present)
** Prime Minister -
**# Sotsha Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1986-1989)
**# Obed Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1989-1993)
* Togo - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967-2005)
* Uganda
**President - Yoweri Museveni, Chairman of the military council (1986-present)
**Prime Minister - Samson Kisekka, Prime Minister of Uganda (1986-1991)
* Zambia
**President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964-1991)
**Prime Minister -
**# Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (1985-1989)
**# Malimba Masheke, Prime Minister of Zambia (1989-1991)
* Zimbabwe - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987-present)

Asia

* Afghanistan
**President - Mohammad Najibullah, President of Afghanistan (1987-1992)
**Prime Minister -
**#Mohammad Hasan Sharq, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1988-1989)
**#Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1989-1990)
* Bangladesh -
**President - Hossain Mohammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (1983–1990)
**Prime Minister -
**#Moudud Ahmed, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1988–1989)
**#Kazi Zafar Ahmed, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1989–1990)
* Brunei
**Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
**Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
*People's Republic of China
** President - Yang Shangkun, President of the People's Republic of China (1988-1993)
** Premier - Li Peng, Premier of the People's Republic of China (1987-1998)
** Head of Communist Party -
**#Zhao Ziyang, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1987-1989)
**#Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989-2002)
* India -
**President - Ramaswamy Venkataraman, President of India (1987-1992)
**Prime Minister -
**# Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1984-1989)
**# Vishwanath Pratap Sing, Prime Minister of India (1989-1990)
*Indonesia - Haji Mohammad Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
* Iran
** Supreme Leader
**# Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1979–1989)
**# Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
** President
**# Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981–1989)
**# Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, President of Iran (1989–1997)
** Prime Minister - Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Prime Minister of Iran (1981–1989)
* Japan
**Monarch -
**#Showa Emperor, Emperor of Japan (1926-1989)
**#Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989-present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Noboru Takeshita, Prime Minister of Japan (1987–1989)
**# Sosuke Uno, Prime Minister of Japan (1989)
**# Toshiki Kaifu, Prime Minister of Japan (1989–1991)
* South Korea
**President - Roh Tae-woo, President of the Republic of Korea (1988–1993)
**Prime Minister - Kang Young-hoon, Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1988–1990)
*Nepal
**Monarch - Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
**Prime Minister - Marich Man Singh Shrestha, Prime Minister of Nepal (1986-1990)
* Pakistan -
**President - Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan (1988-1993)
**Prime Minister - Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988-1990)
* Philippines
**President - Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines (1986-1992)
* Singapore
**President - Wee Kim Wee, President of Singapore (1985-1993)
**Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959-1990)
* Taiwan (Republic of China)
** President - Lee Teng-hui, President of the Republic of China (1988-2000)
** Premier -
**#Yü Kuo-hwa, President of the Executive Yuan (1984-1989)
**#Lee Huan, President of the Executive Yuan (1989-1990)

Australia and Oceania

* Australia
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952-present)
**Governor-General -
**# Sir Ninian Stephen, Governor-General of Australia (1982-1989)
**# William George Hayden, Governor-General of Australia (1989-1996)
**Prime Minister - Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia (1983-1991)
* Fiji -
**President - Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, President of Fiji (5 December, 1987-16 December, 1993)
**Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (5 December, 1987-2 June, 1992)
*Federated States of Micronesia - John Haglelgam, President of the Federated States of Micronesia (1987–1991)
*Kiribati - Ieremia Tabai, President of Kiribati (1983–1991)
*Marshall Islands - Amata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1979–1996)
*Nauru -
*#Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1986-1989)
*#Kenos Aroi, President of Nauru (1989)
*#Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (1989-1995)
*New Zealand
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952-present)
**Governor-General - Paul Reeves, Governor-General of New Zealand (1985-1990)
**Prime Minister -
**#David Lange, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1984-1989)
**#Geoffrey Palmer, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1989-1990)
*Solomon Islands -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
**Governor-General - George Lepping, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1988–1994)
**Prime Minister -
**#Ezekiel Alebua, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1986–1989)
**#Solomon Mamaloni, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1989–1993)
* Tonga
** Monarch - Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965 – 2006)
** Prime Minister - Tu'i Pelehake (Fatafehi), Prime Minister of Tonga, (1965 – 1991)
* Tuvalu
** Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978-present)
** Governor-General - Sir Tupua Leupena, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1986-1990)
** Prime Minister -
**# Tomasi Puapua, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1981-1989)
**# Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1989-1993)
*Vanuatu -
**President -
**#George Kalkoa, President of Vanuatu (1984–1989)
**#Onneyn Tahi, acting President of Vanuatu (1989)
**#Frederick Karlomuana Timakata, President of Vanuatu (1989–1994)
**Prime Minister - Walter Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1980–1991)

Europe

* Albania -
**First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor - Ramiz Alia, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1985-1991)
**Head of State - Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982-1991)
**Premier - Adil Çarçani, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1982-1991)
* Andorra
**Co-Princes
***François Mitterrand, President of France (1981–1995)
***Joan Martí Alanis, Bishop of Urgell (1971–2003)
**Head of Government - Josep Pintat-Solans, Executive Council President (1984–1990)
*Austria -
**President - Kurt Waldheim, Federal President of Austria (1986–1992)
**Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky, Chancellor of Austria (1986–1997)
* Belgium
** King - Baldwin I, King of the Belgians (1951-1993)
** Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1982-1992)
* Denmark
** Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972-present)
** Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982-1993)
* Finland
**President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland, (1982-1994)
**Prime Minister - Harri Holkeri, Prime Minister of Finland, (1987-1991)
* France -
**President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)
**Prime Minister - Michel Rocard, Prime Minister of France (1988-1991)
* Federal Republic of Germany -
**President - Richard von Weizsäcker, President of the Federal Republic of Germany (1984-1994)
**Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (1982-1998)
* German Democratic Republic -
**Communist Party Leader -
**# Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971-1989)
**# Egon Krenz, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1989)
**# "leading role of the party abolished, 3 December 1989."
**Head of State -
**# Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State (1976-1989)
**# Egon Krenz, Chairman of the Council of State (1989)
**# Manfred Gerlach, Acting Chairman of the Council of State (1989-1990)
**Premier -
**# Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1976-1989)
**# Hans Modrow, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1989-1990)
* Ireland -
**President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976-1990)
**Prime Minister - Charles Haughey, Taoiseach (1987-1992)
* Italy -
**President - Francesco Cossiga, President of the Italian Republic (1985-1992)
**Prime Minister -
**# Ciriaco De Mita, Prime Minister of Italy (1988-1989)
**# Giulio Andreotti, Prime Minister of Italy (1989-1992)
* Liechtenstein
**Monarch -
**#Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
**#Hans Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
**Head of Government - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government (1978–1993)
* Luxembourg
**Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
**Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984–1995)
* Malta
**President -
**#Paul Xuereb, Acting President of Malta (1987–1989)
**#Censu Tabone, President of Malta (1989–1994)
**Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1987–1996)
* Monaco
**Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
** Head of Government - Jean Ausseil, Minister of State of Monaco (1985–1991)
* The Netherlands
**Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
**Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
* Norway -
**Monarch - Olav V of Norway, King of Norway (1957-1991)
* Poland
**Communist Party Leader -
**# Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1981-1989)
**# Mieczysław Rakowski, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1989-1990)
**Head of State -
**# Council of State, Chairman - Wojciech Jaruzelski, (1985-1989)
**# Wojciech Jaruzelski, President of Poland (1989-1990)
**Premier -
**# Mieczysław Rakowski, President of the Council of Ministers (1988-1989)
**# Czesław Kiszczak, President of the Council of Ministers (1989)
**# Tadeusz Mazowiecki, President of the Council of Ministers (1989-1991)
* Portugal -
**President - Mário Soares, President of Portugal (1986-1996)
**Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985-1995)
* Romania
**Communist Party Leader -
**# Nicolae Ceauşescu (1965-25 Dec, 1989)
**# Ion Iliescu (25 Dec, 1989-1996
* San Marino
**Captains Regent -
**#Luciano Cardelli and Reves Salvatori (October 1988–March 1989)
**#Mauro Fiorini and Marino Vagnetti (April 1989–September 1989)
**#Gloriana Ranocchini and Leo Achilli (October 1989–March 1990)
* Spain
**Monarch - Juan Carlos, King of Spain (1975–present)
**Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government (1982-1996)
*Sweden
**Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
**Prime Minister - Ingvar Carlsson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1986–1991)
*Switzerland
**Swiss Federal Council: Otto Stich, Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, Elisabeth Kopp (until 1989), Arnold Koller, Flavio Cotti, René Felber, Adolf Ogi, Kaspar Villiger (since 1989)
* Turkey
** President -
**# Kenan Evren, President of Turkey (1982-1989)
**# Turgut Özal, President of Turkey (1989-1993)
** Prime Minister -
**# Turgut Özal, Prime Minister of Turkey (1983-1989)
**# Yıldırım Akbulut, Prime Minister of Turkey (1989-1991)
* United Kingdom -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-present)
**Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979-1990)
*Vatican City
** Pope - John Paul II, Bishop of Rome (1978-2005)
** Secretary of State - Agostino Cardinal Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979-1990)

Middle East

* Egypt -
**President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981-present)
**Prime Minister - Atef Muhammad Naguib Sedki, Prime Minister of Egypt (1986-1996)
* Israel
**President - Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (1983-1993)
**Prime Minister - Yitzhak Shamir, Prime Minister of Israel (1986-1992)
* Oman - Qaboos Bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1970-)
* People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
** President - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council (1986-1990)
** Prime Minister - Yasin Said Numan, Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1986-1990)
* Yemen Arab Republic
** President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of the Yemen Arab Republic (1978-1990)
** Prime Minister - Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic (1983-1990)

North America and the Caribbean

*Antigua and Barbuda -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
**Governor-General - Wilfred Jacobs, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–1993)
**Prime Minister - Vere Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–1994)
*Bahamas -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
**Governor-General - Henry Milton Taylor, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1988–1992)
**Prime Minister - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1973–1992)
*Barbados -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
**Governor-General - Hugh Springer, Governor-General of Barbados (1984–1990)
**Prime Minister - Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, Prime Minister of Barbados (1987–1994)
*Belize -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
**Governor-General - Elmira Minita Gordon, Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
**Prime Minister -
**#Manuel Esquivel, Prime Minister of Belize (1984–1989)
**#George Cadle Price, Prime Minister of Belize (1989–1993)
*Canada
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952-present)
**Governor General - Jeanne Sauvé, Governor General of Canada (1984-1990)
**Prime Minister - Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister of Canada (1984-1993)
*Costa Rica - Óscar Arias, President of Costa Rica (1986–1990)
* Cuba - Fidel Castro, President of Cuba (1976-2008)
*Dominica -
**President - Clarence Augustus Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983–1993)
**Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
*Dominican Republic - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1986–1996)
* El Salvador
**President -
**# José Napoleón Duarte, President of El Salvador (1984–1989)
**# Alfredo Cristiani, President of El Salvador (1989–1994)
* Mexico - Carlos Salinas, President of Mexico (1988–1994)
* Trinidad and Tobago -
**President - Noor Hassanali, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987-1997)
**Prime Minister - A.N.R. Robinson, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1986-1991)
* United States
** Head of State/Government -
**# Ronald Reagan, President of the United States (1981- January 20, 1989)
**# George H.W. Bush, President of the United States (January 20, 1989-1993)

outh America

* Argentina -
*#Raúl Alfonsín, President of Argentina (1983-1989)
*#Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (1989-1999)
* Bolivia -
*#Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President of Bolivia (1985-1989)
*#Jaime Paz Zamora, President of Bolivia (1989-1993)
* Brazil - José Sarney, President of Brazil (1985-1990)
* Chile - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1973-1990)
* Colombia - Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of Colombia (1986-1990)
* Ecuador - Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, President of Ecuador (1988-1992)
* Guyana -
** President - Desmond Hoyte, President of Guyana (1985-1992)
** Prime Minister - Hamilton Green, Prime Minister of Guyana (1985-1992)
* Paraguay -
*#Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954-1989)
*#Andrés Rodríguez, President of Paraguay (1989-1993)
* Peru - Alan García Pérez, President of Peru (1985-1990)
* Suriname - Ramsewak Shankar, President of Suriname (1988-1990)
* Uruguay - Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo, President of Uruguay (1985-1990)
* Venezuela -
*#Jaime Lusinchi, President of Venezuela (1984-1989)
*#Carlos Andrés Pérez, President of Venezuela (1989-1993)