- Cornelis Jol
-
Cornelius Jol 1597 – 1641 Nickname Pie de Palo Type Corsair Place of birth Scheveningen, Netherlands Place of death Sao Tome Allegiance Netherlands Years active 1620s-1640s Rank Admiral Battles/wars Eighty Years' War Cornelis Corneliszoon Jol (1597 – October 31, 1641), nicknamed Houtebeen ("pegleg"), was a 17th-Century Dutch corsair and admiral in the Dutch West India Company during the Eighty Year's War between Spain and the fledgling Dutch Republic. He was one of several early buccaneers to attack Campeche, looting the settlement in 1633, and was active against the Spanish in the Spanish Main and throughout the Caribbean during the 1630s and 40s.
Jol was really more of a pirate (or rather privateer) than an admiral, raiding Spanish and Portuguese fleets and gathering large amounts of loot. He was nicknamed Houtebeen (Pé de Pau in Portuguese and Pata de Palo in Spanish), because he lost a leg during battle and got a wooden leg, being one of the earliest documented pirates to use a wooden peg leg. The Spanish also nicknamed him El Pirata.
His son, also called Cornelis Corneliszoon Jol (or Hola), pursued a career at sea as well and served as an officer in the Dutch navy. He was captain of the Leiden under admiral Maarten Tromp during the First Anglo-Dutch War (1652–1654).
A street in Scheveningen is named for Jol. One of his descendants named a company after him (Corneliszoon.com). Erstwhile AFC Ajax trainer Martin Jol is also a direct descendant.[1]
Biography
"Before the Battle of the Downs" by Reinier Nooms, ca. 1639. Cornelis Jol commanded a squadron of seven ships in this naval battle.
Cornelis Jol came from a simple family in the fishing village of Scheveningen, now part of The Hague. He joined the Dutch West India Company in 1626 and quickly climbed the ranks to become admiral. He was renowned for his courage, his skill as a navigator and his humane treatment of prisoners of war.
Jol crossed the Atlantic Ocean nine times to attack the Spanish and Portuguese along the coast of Brazil and in the Caribbean. During one of his earliest voyages, he captured the island of Fernando de Noronha off the coast of Brazil. However, he was soon expelled by Portuguese forces.[2]
In 1633, he and another corsair attacked Campeche in the Yucatán Peninsula, then held by Spain, with a fleet of ten ships. In 1635 he was captured near Dunkirk by Dunkirk privateers but released. He defeated the Spanish at a battle near Cabañas, Cuba in 1638, capturing all five enemy vessels. While attempting to capture the Spanish treasure fleet, he and Jan Lichthart engaged in a naval battle with Spanish admiral Don Carlos Ibarra off the coast of Cuba. In Spain, he was falsely reported to have been killed in the confrontation.[3] He also commanded a squadron of seven ships at the Battle of the Downs, a decisive defeat of the Spanish, in 1639.
In 1640, while awaiting the Spanish treasure fleet off Havana, Cuba, his fleet was caught in a hurricane and four of the ships were wrecked on the shore.[4]
In 1640, Jol set out from Brazil for the coast of Africa, where he took the city of Luanda (in Angola) and the island of São Tomé from the Portuguese. While on São Tomé, he was struck by malaria and died on October 31, 1641.
References
- This article incorporates information from the equivalent article on the Spanish Wikipedia.
- ^ Noordervliet-Jol, N. De geschiedenis van de geslachten Jol, 1648-1996.
- ^ Southey, Roberto. Historia do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Livraria De B.L. Garnier, 1862. (pg. 184)
- ^ Rault, Didier (2005-06-24). "Encuesta sobre dos relatos de batallas navales entre españoles y holandeses (1638)" (in Spanish) (PDF). La información y su manipulación en las relaciones de sucesos. Universidad Paul-Valéry. http://cvc.cervantes.es/obref/criticon/PDF/086/086_099.pdf.
- ^ Swanson, Gail; Jerry Wilkinson (1999). "Florida Keys Hurricanes of the Last Millennium: Hurricanes of the 1600s". KeysHistory.org. http://www.keyshistory.org/hurricanelist.html.
Further reading
- J.B. van Overeem, 1942. De reizen naar de West van Cornelis Cornelisz. Jol, alias Kapitein Houtebeen 1626-1640.
- K. Ratelband, 1943. De expeditie van Jol naar Angola en en Sao Thomé. 30 Mei 1641-31 Oct. 1641.
Categories:- 1597 births
- 1641 deaths
- 17th-century Dutch people
- Admirals of the navy of the Dutch Republic
- Privateers
- Dutch people of the Eighty Years' War (United Provinces)
- Deaths from malaria
- People from The Hague
- Infectious disease deaths in São Tomé and Príncipe
- Dutch naval commanders
- Naval commanders of the Eighty Years' War
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
