Iriartea

Iriartea
Iriartea
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Arecales[verification needed]
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Arecoideae
Tribe: Iriarteeae
Genus: Iriartea
Ruiz & Pav.
Species

Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav.
and see text

Synonyms

Deckeria H.Karst.[1]

Iriartea is a genus in the palm family Arecaceae, native to Central and South America. The best-known species – and probably the only one – is Iriartea deltoidea, which is found from Nicaragua south into Bolivia. It is the most common tree in many forests in which it occurs. It is known by such names as bombona (which can also refer to other palms, e.g. Attalea regia) or cacho de vaca (which can refer to many other plants, like the Bignoniaceae Godmania aesculifolia or the orchid Myrmecophila humboldtii). In the Murui Huitoto language of southwestern Colombia, it is called jɨagɨna or jɨaìgɨna,[2] and in western Ecuador it is known as pambil.

These palms are canopy trees growing to 20–35 m tall. I. deltoidea is easily recognized by the prominent bulge in the center of its trunk, and the stilt roots, which form a dense cone up to 1 m in diameter at the base. It can thus be easily be distinguished from Socratea exorrhiza (which also bears stilt roots), as the stilt roots of the former are much less tightly appressed upon one another. The leaves are up to 5 m long, and pinnate. The numerous pinnae are fan-shaped, and held in various planes. The fruit is a 2-cm diameter drupe, and primarily dispersed by bats.

The fruit are also eaten by humans, and the wood is used for construction and in handicraft.[2]

Taxonomy and systematics

Almost all species at one time placed in Iriartea have now been moved elsewhere or placed in synonymy with I. deltoidea. Dictyocaryum, Iriartella, Socratea and Wettinia were split off from the Iriartea but are close relatives, together with the present genus forming the tribe Iriarteeae. Less closely related palms which were at one time presumed to be Iriarteeae are members of the genera Ceroxylon, Drymophloeus, and the monotypic Deckenia nobilis.[1]

There remain a few somewhat dubious taxa, published in L'Illustration Horticole in 1881. These may be synonyms or good species, but probably the former:[1]

  • Iriartea affinis H.Karst. ex Linden
  • Iriartea costata Linden
  • Iriartea glaucescens Linden
  • Iriartea pygmaea Linden (nomen nudum)
  • Iriartea xanthorhiza Klotzsch ex Linden
  • Iriartea zamorensis Linden

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c Govaerts et al. (2008)
  2. ^ a b Marín-Corba et al. (2005)

References

  • Govaerts, R.; Dransfield, J.; Zona, S.; Hodel, D.R. & Henderson, Andrew (2004): World Checklist of Arecaceae – Iriartea. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2008-APR-01.
  • Marín-Corba, César; Cárdenas-López, Dairon & Suárez-Suárez, Stella (2005): Utilidad del valor de uso en etnobotánica. Estudio en el departamento de Putumayo (Colombia) [Use Value usefulness in ethnobotany. Case study in Putumayo department (Colombia)]. Caldasia 27(1): 89-101 [Spanish with English abstract]. PDF fulltext



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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Iriartea — Iriartea …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Iriartĕa — (I. R. et Pav., Ceroxylon Humb.), Pflanzengattung aus der Familie der Palmae Arecinae, zur Polygamie, Mouöcie des Linnéschen Systems gehörig; Arten: I. andicola (Wachspalme), auf den Anden, die höchste Palme. Der 150–180 Fuß hohe, unbewehrte, in… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Iriartēa — Ruiz et Pav., Gattung der Palmen, hohe, schlank wachsende Bäume mit glattem, geringeltem, zylindrischem, bisweilen im obern Teil spindelförmig geschwollenem Stamm, der sich häufig über einer kegelförmigen Masse zylindrischer Luftwurzeln erhebt,… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Iriartea — Iriartēa Mart., Pflanzengattg. der Palmen in Südamerika; die Stelzenpalme (I. ventricōsa Mart.) und die Paxiubapalme (I. exorrhiza Mart.) sind durch ihre Luftwurzeln ausgezeichnet und liefern Nutzholz …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Iriartea —   Iriartea …   Wikipedia Español

  • Iriartea — Iriartea …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Iriartea deltoidea — Systematik Monokotyledonen Commeliniden …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Iriartea exorhiza — Rasp Rasp, n. [OE. raspe, OF. raspe, F. r[^a]pe. See {Rasp}, v.] [1913 Webster] 1. A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Iriartea — sp. Stilt palm (E); Ila (Cu); Jira (S); Palma barrigona (C); Zanora (P). The outer core of the trunk is used to make the floors of most Choco houses (!). Armed prop roots are used to grate coconut. Colombias unstilted belly palm is used to make… …   EthnoBotanical Dictionary

  • iriartea — ir·i·ar·tea …   English syllables

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