- Timeline of agriculture and food technology
Timeline ofagriculture andfood technology Neolithic Revolution
* 12,000 BC -
Neolithic Revolution , the firstagricultural revolution , begins in theancient Near East
* 12,000 BC -Natufian s in theLevant begin harvesting wild grasses.
* 9800 BC - Earliest evidence fordomesticated wheat at PPNA sites in the Levant.
* 8500 BC -PPNB sites across theFertile Crescent growing domestic wheat,barley ,chickpea s,pea s,bean s,flax andbitter vetch .Sheep andgoat domesticated.
* 7000 BC - agriculture had reached southernEurope with evidence ofemmer andeinkorn wheat , barley, sheep, goats, and pigs suggest that a food producing economy is adopted in Greece and the Aegean. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/eus/ht02eus.htm
* 7000 BC - Cultivation ofwheat ,sesame ,barley , andeggplant inMehrgarh (India/Pakistan).
* 7000 BC - Domestication ofcattle andchicken inMehrgarh ,Indian subcontinent .
* 6800 BC -Rice domesticated in southeastAsia .
* 6500 BC - Evidence ofcattle domestication inTurkey . Some sources say this happened earlier in other parts of the world
* 6000 BC Archaeological evidence from various sites on theIberian peninsula suggest the domestication of plants and animals. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/eus/ht02eus.htm
* 6000 BC - Granary built inMehrgarh for storage of excess food.
* 5500 BCCéide Fields inIreland are the oldest known field systems in the world, this landscape consists of extensive tracts of land enclosed by stone walls. http://www.museumsofmayo.com/ceide.htm
* 5000 BC - Domestication of the horse inUkraine
* 4000 BC - InMehrgarh , the domestication of numerous crops, includingpeas ,sesame seed s, dates, andcotton , as well as a wide range of domestic animals, including theDomestic Asian Water Buffalo , an animal that remains essential to intensiveagricultural production throughoutAsia today.
* 4000 BC - Egyptians discover how to makebread usingyeast
* 4000 BC - Evidence forrice domestication in theKorat plateau area of northwesternThailand
* 4000 BC - First use of light wooden ploughs in Mesopotamia
* 3500 BC - Irrigation was being used in Mesopotamia
* 3500 BC - First agriculture in the Americas, around Central Amazonia orEcuador
* 3000 BC -Turmeric ,cardamom , pepper and mustard are harvested in theIndus Valley Civilization (India/Pakistan).* 3000 BC - Fermentation of dough, grain, and
fruit juices is in practice.
* 3000 BC -Sugar produced in IndiaAntiquity
* 2600 BC - Large scale commercial timbering of cedars in Phoenicia (Lebanon) for export to Egypt and Sumeria. Similar commercial timbering in South India.
* 1700 BC -Wind power ed machine developed byBabylonia ns
* 1300 BC - Creation of canal linking the Nile delta to the Red Sea
* 691 BC - First aqueduct (approx. 50 miles long) constructed to bring water toNineveh .
* 530 BC - First Greek aqueduct (underground) http://www.bookrags.com/research/aqueduct-woi/
* 500 BC - The moldboard ironplough is invented inChina
* 500 BC - Row cultivation of crops using intensive hoeing to weed and conserve moisture practised in China
* 300 BC - Efficient trace harness for plowing invented in China
* 200 BC - Efficient collar harness for plowing invented in China
* 100 BC - Rotary winnowing fan invented in China
* 100 BC - The multi-tube seed drill is invented in China
* AD 200 - The fishing reel invented in China
* 600 - Thedistillation ofalcohol in China
* 607 - The Chinese begin constructing a massive canal system to connect the Yellow and Yangtze riversArab Agricultural Revolution
* 640 - Arab Agricultural Revolution begins in the rapidly-expanding
Arab Empire
* 644 - Muslim inventors develop awindmill , used to pump water for irrigation; [Ahmad Y Hassan ,Donald Routledge Hill (1986). "Islamic Technology: An illustrated history", p. 54.Cambridge University Press . ISBN 0-521-42239-6.]Donald Routledge Hill , "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", "Scientific American", May 1991, p. 64-69. (cf. Donald Routledge Hill , [http://home.swipnet.se/islam/articles/HistoryofSciences.htm Mechanical Engineering] )] this is a more advancedwind power ed machine than that developed by theBabylonia ns
* 794 -Paper mill invented inBaghdad ,Iraq
* 800 - Arabic chemists producedistilled water and purified waterGeorge Rafael, [http://archive.salon.com/books/feature/2002/01/08/alphabet/index.html A is for Arabs] , "Salon.com ",January 8 ,2002 .]
* 800 - Purealcohol (ethanol ) as a pure compound is distilled by Arabic chemists such asGeber and Alkinduscite web |url=http://www.history-science-technology.com/Notes/Notes%207.htm |title=Alcohol and the Distillation of Wine in Arabic Sources |accessdate=2008-03-29 |last=Hassan |first=Ahmad Y |authorlink=Ahmad Y Hassan |work=History of Science and Technology in Islam]
* 850 - Use ofcoffee is known inArabia
* 900 -Water turbine invented in theArab Empire
* 900 - Firstwind power edgristmill s built in present-dayAfghanistan ,Pakistan andIran
* 900 -Gear edgristmill s withtrip hammer s developed in theArab Empire [Donald Routledge Hill (1996), "Engineering", p. 781, in Harv|Rashed|Morelon|1996|pp=751-95]
* 900 - First sugar refineries, driven by bothwater mill s andwindmill s, invented in present-dayAfghanistan ,Pakistan andIran
*1000 -Sherbet , the firstjuice d and carbonatedsoft drink , is developed by Arabic chemists. [Juliette Rossant (2005), [http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200505/the.world.s.first.soft.drink.htm The World's First Soft Drink] , "Saudi Aramco World ", September/October 2005, pp. 36-9] [http://www.1001inventions.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.viewBlogEntry&intMTEntryID=2889 The World's First Soft Drink.] 1001 Inventions, 2006.]
* 1000 -Cash crop pingJairus Banaji (2007), "Islam, the Mediterranean and the rise of capitalism", "Journal Historical Materialism" 15 (1), pp. 47–74,Brill Publishers .] and the moderncrop rotation system where land was cropped four or more times in a two-year period is introduced in theArab Empire Andrew M. Watson (1974), "The Arab Agricultural Revolution and Its Diffusion, 700–1100", "The Journal of Economic History" 34 (1), pp. 8–35.]
* 1000 - TheArab Empire introduced agricultural innovations such as new forms ofland tenure , improvements inirrigation , a variety of sophisticated irrigation methods, [Elias H. Tuma (1987), "Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World: The Diffusion of Crops and Farming Techniques, 700–1100" by Andrew M. Watson", "The Journal of Economic History" 47 (2), pp. 543–4.] the introduction offertilizer s and widespread artificial irrigation systems, the development ofgravity -flow irrigation systems fromriver s and springs,Thomas F. Glick (1977), "Noria Pots in Spain", "Technology and Culture" 18 (4), pp. 644–50.] the use ofnoria andchain pump s for irrigation purposes,Zohor Idrisi (2005), [http://www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/AgricultureRevolution2.pdf The Muslim Agricultural Revolution and its influence on Europe] , FSTC] the establishment of thesugar cane industry in theMediterranean , andexperiment ation insugar cultivation [J. H. Galloway (1977), "The Mediterranean Sugar Industry", "Geographical Review" 67 (2), pp. 177–94.]
* 1000 - Earliestfactory milling installations built inBaghdad ,Iraq Donald Routledge Hill (1996), "Engineering", p. 783, in Harv|Rashed|Morelon|1996|pp=751-95]
* 1000 -Milling dam ("Pul-i-Bulaiti"), used to provide additional power formill ing, built atKarun ,Iran Donald Routledge Hill (1996), "Engineering", p. 759, in Harv|Rashed|Morelon|1996|pp=751-95]
* 1050 -Flywheel -driven saqiyachain pump andnoria developed by Ibn Bassal (fl. 1038-1075) ofAl-Andalus [Ahmad Y Hassan , [http://www.history-science-technology.com/Notes/Notes%204.htm Flywheel Effect for a "Saqiya"] , "History of Science and Technology in Islam"]
* 1100 - Bridge mill (water mill built as part of thesuperstructure of abridge ) developed in Cordoba,Al-Andalus Adam Lucas (2006), "Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology", p. 62. BRILL, ISBN 9004146490.]
* 1100 - Spiral scoop-wheel, a device which raises large quantities of water to ground level with a high degree of efficiency, invented inBaghdad ,Iraq [Donald Routledge Hill (1996), "Engineering", p. 774, in Harv|Rashed|Morelon|1996|pp=751-95]
* 1100 -Finery forge invented inAl-Andalus
* 1100 - First Europeanfactory milling installations built inAl-Andalus Adam Lucas (2006), "Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology", p. 65. BRILL, ISBN 9004146490.]
* 1206 -Al-Jazari invents thecrankshaft andconnecting rod , and employs them in a crank-connecting rod mechanism central to much of the machinery in the modern world;Ahmad Y Hassan . [http://www.history-science-technology.com/Notes/Notes%203.htm The Crank-Connecting Rod System in a Continuously Rotating Machine] , "History of Science and Technology in Islam".] he employs it in apiston pump which, for the first time, demonstrates the use of asuction pipe, the first application of the double-acting principle, and the first conversion of rotary to reciprocating motionAhmad Y Hassan . [http://www.history-science-technology.com/Notes/Notes%202.htm The Origin of the Suction Pump - Al-Jazari 1206 A.D.] "History of Science and Technology in Islam".]
* 1250 - Crank-drivenscrew andscrewpump developed in theArab world usingAl-Jazari 'scrankshaft [Donald Routledge Hill (1996), "Engineering", p. 771, in Harv|Rashed|Morelon|1996|pp=751-95]
* 1559 -Taqi al-Din invents a six-cylinder 'Monobloc'pump , ahydropower edwater -raisingmachine incorporatingvalve s,suction and delivery pipes,piston rods withlead weights, triplever s with pinjoint s, andcam s on theaxle of a water-driven scoop-wheel [Donald Routledge Hill , "Engineering", p. 779, in Harv|Rashed|Morelon|1996|pp=751-95]British Agricultural Revolution
* 1700 -
British Agricultural Revolution begins in theUnited Kingdom
* 1809 - French confectionerNicolas François Appert inventscanning
* 1837 -John Deere invents steelplough
* 1863 - International "Corn Show" inParis with corn varieties from different countries
* 1866 -Gregor Mendel publishes his paper describingMendelian inheritance
* 1871 -Louis Pasteur inventspasteurization
* 1895 -Refrigeration for domestic and commercial food preservation introduced in theUnited States and theUnited Kingdom , respectively.
* 1930 - First use of aerial photos in Earth sciences and agriculture.Green Revolution
* 1944 -
Green Revolution begins inMexico
* 2000 -Genetically modified plants cultivated around the world.
* 2005 - =References
External links
* [http://www.intute.ac.uk/socialsciences/timeline_History_of_food.html Timeline - History of Food]
* [http://www.intute.ac.uk/timeline_Agriculture.html Timeline - Agriculture]
* [http://www.foodtimeline.org/ Global food timeline]
* [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/features/gabwea/timeline.html US only food timeline]See also
*
Broad spectrum revolution
*New World Crops
*Agriculture
*Neolithic founder crops
*Agricultural revolution
*Fertile Crescent
*Timeline of invention
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.