Cyclin-dependent kinase 2

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2

PDB rendering based on 1aq1.
Identifiers
Symbols CDK2; p33(CDK2)
External IDs OMIM116953 MGI104772 HomoloGene74409 GeneCards: CDK2 Gene
EC number 2.7.11.22
RNA expression pattern
PBB GE CDK2 204252 at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 1017 12566
Ensembl ENSG00000123374 ENSMUSG00000025358
UniProt P24941 Q3U307
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001798.3 NM_016756
RefSeq (protein) NP_001789.2 NP_058036
Location (UCSC) Chr 12:
56.36 – 56.37 Mb
Chr 10:
128.13 – 128.14 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 also known as cell division protein kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK2 gene.[1][2]

Contents

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of Ser/Thr protein kinases. This protein kinase is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, also known as Cdk1 in humans. It is a catalytic subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase complex, whose activity is restricted to the G1-S phase of the cell cycle, and is essential for the G1/S transition. This protein associates with and is regulated by the regulatory subunits of the complex including cyclin E or A. Cyclin E binds G1 phase Cdk2, which is required for the transition from G1 to S phase while binding with Cyclin A is required to progress through the S phase. Its activity is also regulated by phosphorylation. Two alternatively spliced variants and multiple transcription initiation sites of this gene have been reported.[2]

The role of this protein in G1-S transition has been recently questioned as cells lacking Cdk2 are reported to have no problem during this transition.[3]

Inhibitors

Known CDK inhibitors are p21Cip1 (CDKN1A) and p27Kip1 (CDKN1B).[4] Drugs that inhibit Cdk2 and arrest the cell cycle, such as GW8510, may reduce the sensitivity of the epithelium to many cell cycle-active antitumor agents and, therefore, represent a strategy for prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia.[5]

Gene regulation

In melanocytic cell types, expression of the CDK2 gene is regulated by the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.[6][7]

Interactions

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 has been shown to interact with Retinoblastoma-like protein 2,[8][9] Retinoblastoma-like protein 1,[8][10] Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1,[11] CEBPA,[12] BRCA1,[13][14][15] PPM1B,[16] Cyclin A1,[17][18][19][20] Cyclin E1,[8][21][22][23][24][25] SKP2,[26][27][28] PPP2CA,[16] ORC1L,[29] CDK2AP1,[30] CDKN3,[31][32][33] CDKN1B[24][26][34][35][36] and P21.[21][28][33][36][37]

Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in apoptosis.

References

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