Borujerd

For the administrative subdivision, see Borujerd County.

Borujerd بروجرد
From top left: Movassaghi townhouse, the winter hall and architecture detials of the Jāmeh Mosque, Borujerd Cultural House, Fial village, Grand Ayatollah Borujjerdi, Sultani Mosque, metal handcraft, Mohammad Borujerdi and old conis published in Borujerd.
Borujerd Location in Iran
Coordinates: 33°53′50″N 48°54′06″E / 33.89722°N 48.90167°E / 33.89722; 48.90167Coordinates: 33°53′50″N 48°54′06″E / 33.89722°N 48.90167°E / 33.89722; 48.90167
Country	Iran
Province	Lorestan
County	Borujerd
Bakhsh	Central
Elevation	1,670 m (5,479 ft)
Population (2006)
– Total	227,547
Time zone	IRST (UTC+3:30)
– Summer (DST)	IRDT (UTC+4:30)
Area code(s)	+662

Borujerd (Persian: بروجرد borūjerd, pronounced as vūriyerd in Borujerdi accent and as vorūgerd or borūgerd in Lurish language) (Recorded name variations: Boroujerd, Borudjerd, Boroojerd, Brujerd, Burujird, Borugerd) is a city in and capital of Borujerd County, Lorestan Province in western Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 227,547, in 59,388 families.^[1]. Among the existing modern cities in Iran, Borujerd is one of the oldest reported at least since 9th century. In Sasanid era, Borujerd was a small town and region neighboring Nihavand. Gaining more attention during Seljuk era in 9th–10th century, Borujerd stood as an industrial, commercial and geostrategic city in Zagros region until 20th century. In its golden ages, Borujerd was selected as the provincial center of Luristan and Khuzestan regions during Qajar era, 18th–19th century.

Today, Borujerd is the second largest city of Lorestan province; hence, the major industrial, tourist and cultural center of the region. The city has kept its old architecture and lifestyle mostly through mosques, bazaars and houses built in Qajar era.

Geography and climate

Borujerd city is located approximately 1670 meters above sea level and has a moderate climate with cold winters. The highest point is Garrin Mountain 3623 m. above sea and the lowest area is Gelerood River in South with 1400 m. elevation. Borujerd Township has 2600 km² area with approximately 400,000 inhabitants distributed in the City, Town of Oshtorinan and more than 180 villages.

Borujerd is located on Silakhor plain which is the largest agricultural land of Lorestan. The high-elevated Zagros Mountains surrounds it from South East to North West and the peaks are covered with snow most of the times. Rural people work in farms or keep their domestic animals. Other people work in governmental offices, armed forces, factories or small local businesses. The feet of Zagros Mountains is a great destination for nomads and many Lurs and Bakhtiari nomads move there in summer. The area is paved with highways and is a crossroad between Tehran and Khuzestan as well as Isfahan and Kermanshahan Provinces.

Borujerd City

Yadbood Crossroad, Borujerd

The city of Borujerd is one of the oldest cities in Iran which has been populated at least for 20 centuries and has been reported at least from Sassanid era. Since the Islamic conquest of Persia(637-651), Borujerd has been considered as a strategic area and especially in Seljuk and Qajar eras it received significant attention and many mosques, schools, bridges and castles were made or rebuilt by these dynasties.

Borujerd City has 256,962 inhabitants (estimated for 2006) and it is the 31st largest city in Iran and the 2nd largest in Lorestan [1]. Borujerd is the industrial point of Lorestan. Its historical and cultural background as well as its remarkable nature, has changed it to a tourist destination. The city is well-structured with live nights and many shops and markets. Borujerdi people are easy going and tolerant and different religious minorities such as Jewish, Sufism and Bahá'í have grown there. The city has been named as Dār-Al-Sorūr which means the house of happiness. Today, Borujerd is sometimes referred to as Paris Kūčūlū namely the little Paris.borujerd have a lot of conflict with its neighborhood khorramabad.the people of the borujerd claim that their city include a lot of industries,factories and natural reserves,so their city should be the capital of the province,but with these advantages,the center of the province is khorramabad with its evil people.if you talk with some people all around the country,they will say to you,that BORUJERD should be the capital of the province.these are the opinion of the people in this city.

History

Old gate of Imamzadeh Jafar shrine.

Borujerd area has been populated at least since 3000 BC. Medes used its pastures to produce and train thousands of horses each year. Seleucids used Roomian Castle as a strategic military garrison. Sassanid empires promoted Borujerd to a city level and built a fire-temple there. During the Islamic conquest of Persia (637-651), Borujerd castle was used by Iranian army to support the troops and the final battle occurred in Nihavand, 55 km north West of Borujerd. Yazdgerd III escaped to Borujerd castle and his army reunited again there. The Islamic Arab governor, Abudolf ibn Hamulah, rebuilt the city and constructed the Jame Mosque of Borujerd on top of a Zoroastrian fire temple.

Seljuk rulers had many travels and battles in Borujerd and Barkiyaruq the sultan of Great Seljuk from 1094-1105 died in this city. Some references mention that Zavvarian 5 km N of Borujerd City is his tomb, however according to historical books, his body was returned to Isfahan.

Since approximately 1000 to 1500, Borujerd Was governed by Atabakan-e Lorestan who governed Lur-e-Kuchak. Genghis Khan and Mongolians attacked the Lur-e-Kuchak and ruined Borujerd and Khorram Abad. Timur attacked Borujerd two times and destroyed this city but Timurids used Borujerd Castle and Roomian Castle for military purposes.

Imamzadeh Ja'far Shrine.

In Safavid era (1500-1700) Borujerd was governed as a separate state including Japlaq or Gapleh, and was neighbor of Golpayegan. Zand kings were lurs and originally from somewhere between Malayer and Borujerd. They paid attention to Borujerd for its brave soldiers (known as Silakhori) which were already used by Safavids. Several battles occurred there.

In Qajar era Borujerd was a small state at first but changed to the centre of Borujerd, Lorestan and Khuzestan states later and the city developed rapidly. The Soltani Mosque of Borujerd, the Great Bazaar of Borujerd and many schools and gardens were built and the city castle was rebuilt.

Reza Shah Pahlavi quit insurgencies of Lorestan and established army, railway, roads, hospitals and modern schools in Borujerd. In his time, Borujerd State was eliminated and according to new political dividing, Borujerd was attached to Lorestan Province.

After the Iranian Revolution in 1979, and during the Iran–Iraq War, Borujerd accepted many casualties and migrants from Khuzestan Province and was bombed many times. Sixty-five children were killed during bombings in an elementary school in Borujerd alone. In recent years, Borujerd has developed in population and construction and now it is struggling with social problems such as unemployment and drug abuse. Borujerd earthquake, March 2006 killed 66 people and injured 1400 people.

Language

main article: Borujerdi Dialect

Borujerdi people mostly speak in Borujerdi Dialect which is a special dialect between Luri and Persian. Other dialect such as Luri, Laki and local Jewish could be heard here and there.

Historical attractions

• Jame Mosque of Borujerd
• Soltani Mosque of Borujerd
• Imamzadeh Ja'far, Borujerd
• Imamzadeh Ghasem, Borujerd
• Imamzadeh Ibrahim, Borujerd
• Imamzadeh Shahzadeh Abol-Hasan, Borujerd
• Imamzadeh Vallian, Borujerd
• Imamzadeh Ghasem, Borujerd
• Zavvarian Tomb of Borujerd
• Ghaleh Hatam Bridge, Borujerd
• Chalanchulan Bridge, Borujerd
• Ghorogh Hill, Borujerd
• Roomian Hill, Borujerd
• Bazaar of Borujerd

Parks and natural attractions

• Goldasht Valley, Borujerd
• Vennaii Village, Borujerd
• Chogha Hill of Borujerd
• Bishe Dalan Pound, Borujerd
• Oshtorankuh, Dorood
• Women's Park

Famous people

• Grand Ayatollah Borujerdi, Religious leader
• Manteghi Boroujerdi, Religious scholar, Poet, Writer
• Abdolhossein Zarinkoob, Writer, historian
• Loris Tjeknavorian, Musician
• Zahra Rahnavard
• Ja'far Shahidi, Historian, Bibliographer
• Abdolmohammad Ayati Poet, writer
• Mehrdad Avesta, Poet, 20th c.
• Allameh Bahr-Al-Olum, Religious scholar 19th c.
• Samet Borujerdi, Poet, 19-20th c.
• Ehsan Mohajer Shojaei, athlete
• Ali Mohammad Behtash, Public Relations Founder

Gallery

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  Fadak Park

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  Yadbood Square.

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  Soltani Mosque 18th c. A.D.

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  Goldasht Valley.

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  Imamzadeh Ja'far 11th c. A.D.

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  Statue of Arash.

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  Jāme' Mosque.

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  Countryside of Borujerd.

Panoramic view to the City

See also

• 1909 Silakhor earthquake
• Borujerd earthquake, March 2006
• Borujerdi Dialect

References

1. ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Islamic Republic of Iran. http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/15.xls. 

External links

• Borujerd Information Portal
• Encyclopedia of the Orient