Ophiuchus (astrology)

18th century star map illustrating how the feet of Ophiuchus cross the ecliptic

Ophiuchus  /ɒˈfjuːkəs/ has sometimes been used in sidereal astrology as a thirteenth sign in addition to the twelve signs of the tropical Zodiac, because the eponymous constellation Ophiuchus (Greek Ὀφιοῦχος "Serpent-bearer") as defined by the 1930 IAU constellation boundaries is situated behind the sun between November 29 and December 18.

The idea appears to have originated in 1970 with Stephen Schmidt's suggestion of a 14-sign zodiac (also including Cetus as a sign). A 13-sign zodiac has been suggested by Walter Berg and by Mark Yazaki in 1995, a suggestion that achieved some popularity in Japan, where Ophiuchus is known as Hebitsukai-Za (へびつかい座^?, "The Serpent Bearer").

Mainstream sidereal astrology, notably Hindu astrology, and tropical astrology (including the popular sun sign astrology) use the traditional 12-sign zodiac based on dividing the ecliptic into 12 equal parts rather than the IAU constellation boundaries, and do not regard Ophiuchus as a sign.

There is considerable confusion between the notion of a sign, which is an equal division of the sky into 12 in both the Vedic and the Western systems of astrology, and a constellation, which is a grouping of stars that touches the ecliptic. While Vedic uses a sidereal system based on the stars, that sidereal horoscope is divided evenly into 12 signs which are symbolic of the varying-size constellations they make contact with.

History

Ophiuchus and some of the fixed stars in it were sometimes used by astrologers in antiquity as extra-zodiacal indicators (i.e. astrologically significant celestial phenomena lying outside of the 12-sign zodiac proper). The constellation is described in the astrological poem of Manilius: the Astronomica, which is dated to around 10 A.D. The poem describes how:

Ophiuchus holds apart the serpent which with its mighty spirals and twisted body encircles his own, so that he may untie its knots and back that winds in loops. But, bending its supple neck, the serpent looks back and returns: and the other's hands slide over the loosened coils. The struggle will last forever, since they wage it on level terms with equal powers".^[1]

Later in his poem, Manilius describes the astrological influence of Ophiuchus, when the constellation is in its rising phase, as one which offers affinity with snakes and protection from poisons, saying "he renders the forms of snakes innocuous to those born under him. They will receive snakes into the folds of their flowing robes, and will exchange kisses with these poisonous monsters and suffer no harm".^[2] A later 4th century astrologer, known as Anonymous of 379, associated "the bright star of Ophiuchus", Ras Alhague (α Ophiuchi), with doctors, healers or physicians (ἰατρῶν), which may have been because of the association between poisons and medicines.^[3]

Based on the 1930 IAU constellation boundaries, suggestions that "there are really 13 astrological signs" because "the Sun is in the sign of Ophiuchus" between November 29 and December 17 have been published since at least the 1970s.^[4]

In 1970, Stephen Schmidt in his Astrology 14 advocated a 14-sign zodiac, introducing Ophiuchus (December 6 to December 31) and Cetus (May 12 to June 6) as new signs.^[5] Within 20th-century sidereal astrology, the idea was taken up by Walter Berg in his The 13 Signs of the Zodiac (1995). Berg's The 13 Signs of the Zodiac was published in Japan in 1996 and became a bestseller, and Berg's system has since been comparatively widespread in Japanese pop culture, appearing for example in the Final Fantasy video game series.^[6]

In January 2011, a statement by Parke Kunkle of the Minnesota Planetarium Society repeating the idea of "the 13th zodiac sign Ophiuchus" made some headlines in the popular press.^[7]

Symbol

Schmidt introduced his own symbol for his Ophiuchus sign in 1974. It was a stylized representation of a man carrying a snake.^[8]

In 1995 Berg also proposed a symbol for Ophiuchus, and it has come into comparatively widespread use in Japan. In 2009, it was suggested for inclusion in the Unicode standard as part of an emoji extension.^[9] The symbol looks like a letter U with a superimposed tilde (U̴). It has been added to the Unicode Miscellaneous Symbols codepage (U+26CE ⛎) as of version 6.0 (October 2010).

In his 2011 book, Kanatas suggested the Greek letter phi (Φ) as the symbol for the sign of Ophiuchus, from the Greek word for Ophiuchus, "ΟΦΙΟΥΧΟΣ".^[10]

References

1. ^ Manilius, Astronomica, I.333ff.
2. ^ Manilius, Astronomica, V.389ff.
3. ^ Franz Cumont and Franz Boll, Catalogus Codicum Astrologorum Graecorum, Vol. 5, part 1, Brussels, 1904, pg. 210.
4. ^ Lee T. Shapiro, The Real Constellations of the Zodiac, Planetarian, Spring 1977. Because of the tilt of the planes of the planets' paths relative to Earth's (the ecliptic), the planets actually pass through a number of other constellations as well, as was observed by John Mosely in The Real, Real Constellations of the Zodiac, Planetarian, Vol. 28, #4, December 1999.
5. ^ Modern Living: The Revised Zodiac, Time Magazine, 23 November 1970.
6. ^ Finalfantasy.wikia.com
7. ^ Howard Chua-Eoan, Welcome to the Zodiac, Ophiuchus. But Who Are You?, Time Magazine, 14 January 2011; New zodiac sign Ophiuchus is an old hoax: Astrologers strike back, International Business Times, 15 January 2011.
8. ^ Schmidt (1974), p. 17. His Cetus symbol has the shape of a stylized fish, books.google.com
9. ^ Emoji Symbols Proposed for New Encoding, Date: 2010-Apr-27. Authors: Markus Scherer, Mark Davis, Kat Momoi, Darick Tong (Google Inc.) Yasuo Kida, Peter Edberg (Apple Inc.).
10. ^ Kanatas, Vasilis (2011). Astrology of the 13 Signs of the Zodiac. Klaudios Ptolemaios Publications. ISBN 978-954-92725-1-2. 

• Stephen Schmidt (1970), Astrology 14: your new sun sign, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis; Pyramid Books 1971.
• Stephen Schmidt (1974), The Astrology 14 Horoscope: How to Cast and Interpret It, Bobbs-Merrill, ISBN 978-0-672-51647-4.
• Walter Berg (1995), The 13 Signs of the Zodiac: Discover who you really are with the new Sun signs, Thorsons, ISBN 978-0-7225-3254-6.
• Mark Yazaki マーク矢崎 (1995), 13星座占星術—これからはへびつかい座が加わるぞ! (13-Constellation Horoscopes: Enter Ophiuchus!), 21st Century Books, ISBN 978-4-391-11845-2.

External links

• Solar Zodiac Astrology Ophiuchus - the '13th Sign' by Shepherd Simpson.
• Ophiuchus Cannot be a Sign in the Tropical or Sidereal Zodiacs by Robert Hand.