List of state leaders in 2001

Africa

* Algeria
**President - Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–present)
**Prime Minister - Ali Benflis, Prime Minister of Algeria (2000–2003)
* Angola
** President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–present)
* Benin
**President - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996–2006)
* Botswana
**President - Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
* Burkina Faso
**President - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–present)
**Prime Minister - Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2000–2007)
* Burundi
**President - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996–2003)
* Cameroon
**President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
**Prime Minister - Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996–2004)
* Cape Verde
**President -
**# António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991–2001)
**# Pedro Pires, President of Cape Verde (2001–present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Gualberto do Rosário, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2000–2001)
**# José Maria Neves, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–present)
* Central African Republic
**President - Ange-Félix Patassé, President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003)
**Prime Minister -
**# Anicet Georges Dologuélé, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1999–2001)
**# Martin Ziguélé, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2001–2003)
* Chad
**President - Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–present)
**Prime Minister - Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime Minister of Chad (1999–2002)
* Comoros
** President - Azali Assoumani, President of the Comoros (1999–2002)
** Prime Minister - Hamada Madi, Prime Minister of the Comoros (2000–2002)
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
**President -
**# Laurent Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2001)
**# Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–present)
* Republic of the Congo
**President - Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
* Côte d'Ivoire
**President - Laurent Gbagbo, President of Côte d'Ivoire (2000–present)
**Prime Minister - Affi N'Guessan, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (2000–2003)
* Djibouti
**President - Ismail Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
**# Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–present)
* Equatorial Guinea
**President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1996–2001)
**# Cándido Muatetema Rivas, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2001–2004)
* Eritrea
**President - Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1993–present)
* Ethiopia
**President -
**# Negasso Gidada, President of Ethiopia (1995–2001)
**# Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (2001–present)
**Prime Minister - Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–present)
* Gabon
**President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–present)
**Prime Minister - Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999–2006)
* The Gambia
**President - Yahya Jammeh, President of The Gambia (1994–present)
* Ghana
**President -
**# Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981–2001)
**# John Kufuor, President of Ghana (2001–present)
* Guinea
**President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–present)
**Prime Minister - Lamine Sidimé, Prime Minister of Guinea (1999–2004)
* Guinea-Bissau
**President - Kumba Ialá, President of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003)
**Prime Minister -
**# Caetano N'Tchama, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2001)
**# Faustino Imbali, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2001)
**# Alamara Nhassé, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2001–2002)
* Kenya
**President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
* Lesotho
**Monarch - Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
**Prime Minister - Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–present)
* Liberia
**President - Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997–2003)
* Libya
**Head of State ("de jure") - Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani, General Secretary of the General People's Congress (1992–present)
**"De facto" Ruler - Muammar al-Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution (1969/1979–present)
* Madagascar
**President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1997–2002)
**Prime Minister - Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1998–2002)
* Malawi
**President - Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994–2004)
* Mali
**President - Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992–2002)
**Prime Minister - Mandé Sidibé, Prime Minister of Mali (2000–2002)
* Mauritania
**President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
**Prime Minister - Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998–2003)
* Mauritius
**President - Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
**Prime Minister - Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2000–2003)
* Morocco
**Monarch - Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
**Prime Minister - Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime Minister of Morocco (1998–2002)
*Mozambique -
**President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
**Prime Minister - Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
* Namibia
**President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
**Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990–2002)
* Niger
**President - Tandja Mamadou, President of Niger (1999–present)
**Prime Minister - Hama Amadou, Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007)
* Nigeria
**President - Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999–2007)
* Rwanda
**President - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present)
**Prime Minister - Bernard Makuza, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–present)
* São Tomé and Príncipe
**President -
**# Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1995–2001)
**# Fradique de Menezes, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2001–present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1999–2002)
**# Evaristo Carvalho, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2001–2002)
** Principe - Damião Vaz d'Almeida, President of the Regional Government of Principe (1995–2002)
* Senegal
**President - Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Moustapha Niasse, Prime Minister of Senegal (1983, 2000–2001)
**# Mame Madior Boye, Prime Minister of Senegal (2001–2002)
* Seychelles
**President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
* Sierra Leone
**President - Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)
* Somalia
** Mogadishu Government -
***President - Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President of Somalia (2000–2004)
***Prime Minister -
***# Ali Khalif Galaid, Prime Minister of Somalia (2000–2001)
***# Osman Jama Ali, acting Prime Minister of Somalia (2001)
***# Hassan Abshir Farah, Prime Minister of Somalia (2001–2003)
** Republic of Somaliland -
***President - Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
* South Africa
**President - Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa (1999–2008)
* Sudan
**President - Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1993–present)
* Swaziland
**Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
**Prime Minister - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996–2003)
* Tanzania
**President - Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
**Prime Minister - Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
* Togo
** President - Gnassingbe Eyadema, President of Togo (1967–2005)
** Prime Minister - Agbeyome Messan Kodjo, Prime Minister of Togo (2000–2002)
* Tunisia
**President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–present)
**Prime Minister - Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–present)
* Uganda
**President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
**Prime Minister - Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–present)
* Zambia
**President - Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991–2002)
* Zimbabwe
**President - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)

Asia

* Afghanistan -
** Taliban -
***Head of State ("de jure") -
**# Mullah Mohammad Rabbani, Head of the Supreme Council (1996–2001)
**# Mawlawi Abdul Kabir, acting Head of the Supreme Council (2001)
***"De facto" Ruler - Mullah Mohammed Omar, Emir (1996–2001)
** Afghan Northern Alliance - Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992–2001)
** Afghan Interim Authority - Hamid Karzai, Chairman of the Afghan Interim Authority (2001–2002)
* Bangladesh -
**President -
**# Shahabuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
**# A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury, President of Bangladesh (2001–2002)
**Prime Minister -
**# Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
**# Latifur Rahman, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2001)
**# Khaleda Zia, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2001–2006)
* Bhutan
**Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
**Prime Minister -
**# Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2001–2002)
**# Lyonpo Kinzang Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2002–2003)
* Brunei
**Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
**Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
* People's Republic of China -
**Communist Party Leader - Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989–2002)
**President - Jiang Zemin, President of the People's Republic of China (1993–2003)
**Premier - Zhu Rongji, Premier of the People's Republic of China (1998–2003)
** "Hong Kong" - Tung Chee Hwa, Chief Executive of Hong Kong (1997–present)
** "Macau" - Edmund Ho, Chief Executive of Macau (1999–present)
* India
**President - K. R. Narayanan, President of India (1997–2002)
**Prime Minister - Atal Behari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India (1998–2004)
*Indonesia -
*#Abdurrahman Wahid, President of Indonesia (1999–2001)
*#Megawati Sukarnoputri, President of Indonesia (2001–2004)
* Iran
** Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
** President - Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
* Japan
**Monarch - Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Yoshiro Mori, Prime Minister of Japan (2000–2001)
**# Junichiro Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan (2001–2006)
*Kazakhstan -
**President - Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)
**Prime Minister - Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1999–2002)
* North Korea
**Dear Leader - Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defense Commission (1993–present)
**Head of State ("de facto") - Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (1998–present)
**Premier - Hong Song-nam, Premier of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1997–2003)
* South Korea
**President - Kim Dae-jung, President of the Republic of Korea (1998–2003)
**Prime Minister - Lee Han Dong, Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (2000–2002)
* Malaysia
** King -
**#Almarhum Sultan Salahuddin, Paramount Ruler of Malaysia (1999–2001)
**#Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Paramount Ruler of Malaysia (2001–2006)
** Prime Minister - Mahathir bin Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
* Mongolia
**President - Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–present)
**Prime Minister - Nambaryn Enkhbayar, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2000–present)
* Nepal
**Monarch - Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (2001–present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime Minister of Nepal (2001–2002)
**# Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime Minister of Nepal (2002–2003)
* Oman - Qaboos Bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
* Pakistan -
**President -
**# Mohammad Rafiq Tarar, President of Pakistan (1998–2001)
**# Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan (2001–2008)
**Head of Government - Pervez Musharraf, Chief Executive of Pakistan (1999–2002)
* The Philippines
**President -
**# Joseph Estrada, President of the Philippines (1998–2001)
**# Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, President of the Philippines (2001–present)
* Singapore
**President - S. R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–present)
**Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990–2004)
* Sri Lanka
**President - Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994–present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2000–2001)
**# Ranil Wickremasinghe, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2001–2004)
* Taiwan (Republic of China)
**President - Chen Shui-bian, President of the Republic of China (2000–2008)
**Prime Minister -
**# Chang Chun-hsiung, President of the Executive Yuan (2000–2002)
**# Yu Shyi-kun, President of the Executive Yuan (2002–present)
* Tajikistan
**President - Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
**Prime Minister - Akil Akilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–present)
* Thailand
** King - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Chuan Leekpai, Prime Minister of Thailand (1997–2001)
**# Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006)
*Turkmenistan - Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1991–2006)
*Uzbekistan -
**President - Islom Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1991–present)
**Prime Minister - O‘tkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (1995–2003)
* Vietnam
**Communist Party Leader -
**# Le Kha Phieu, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1997–2001)
**# Nong Duc Manh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2001–present)
**President - Tran Duc Luong, President of Vietnam (1997–2006)
**Prime Minister - Phan Van Khai, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997–2006)

Australia and Oceania

* Australia
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
**Governor-General -
**# Sir William Deane, Governor-General of Australia (1996–2001)
**# Peter Hollingworth, Governor-General of Australia (2001–2003)
**Prime Minister - John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007)
* Fiji
**President - Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2000–present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Laisenia Qarase, interim Prime Minister of Fiji (2000-2001)
**# Ratu Tevita Momoedonu, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001)
**# Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001–2006)
*Kiribati - Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003)
*Marshall Islands - Kessai Note, President of the Marshall Islands (2000–2008)
*Federated States of Micronesia - Leo Falcam, President of the Federated States of Micronesia (1999–2003)
*Nauru -
*#Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (2000–2001)
*#René Harris, President of Nauru (2001–2003)
* New Zealand
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
**Governor-General -
**# Sir Michael Hardie Boys, Governor-General of New Zealand (1996–2001)
**# (Dame Sian Elias, Administrator of the Government of New Zealand (2001))
**# Dame Silvia Cartwright, Governor-General of New Zealand (2001–present)
**Prime Minister - Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–present)
*Palau -
*#Kuniwo Nakamura, President of Palau (1993–2001)
*#Tommy Remengesau, President of Palau (2001–present)
* Papua New Guinea
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
**Governor-General - Sir Silas Atopare, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1997–2003)
**Prime Minister - Sir Mekere Morauta, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1999–2002)
* Samoa
**Monarch - Malietoa Tanumafili II, Chief of State of Samoa (1963–2007)
**Prime Minister - Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–present)
*Solomon Islands -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
**Governor-General - John Lapli, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1999–2004)
**Prime Minister -
**#Manasseh Sogavare, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2000–2001)
**#Allan Kemakeza, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2001–2006)
* Tonga
**Monarch - Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)
**Prime Minister - Lavaka Ata 'Ulukalala, Prime Minister of Tonga (2000–2006)
* Tuvalu
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
**Governor-General - Sir Tomasi Puapua, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1998–2003)
**Prime Minister -
**# Lagitupu Tuilimu, acting Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2000–2001)
**# Faimalaga Luka, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2001)
**# Koloa Talake, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2001–2002)
*Vanuatu -
**President - John Bani, President of Vanuatu (1999–2004)
**Prime Minister -
**#Barak Sopé, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1999–2001)
**#Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2001–2004)

Europe

* Albania
**President - Rexhep Meidani, President of Albania (1997–2002)
**Prime Minister - Ilir Meta, Prime Minister of Albania (1999–2002)
* Andorra
**Co-Princes
***Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
***Joan Martí Alanis, Bishop of Urgell (1971–2003)
**Head of the Government - Marc Forné, Head of the Government of Andorra (1994–2005)
*Armenia
**President - Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
**Prime Minister - Andranik Margaryan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2000–2007)
*Austria
**President - Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
**Chancellor - Wolfgang Schüssel, Chancellor of Austria (2000–2007)
* Belgium
**Monarch - Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–present)
**Prime Minister - Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
* Bulgaria
**President - Petar Stoyanov, President of Bulgaria (1997–2002)
**Prime Minister -
**# Ivan Kostov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1997–2001)
**# Simeon Sakskoburggotski, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (2001–2005)
* Croatia
**President - Stjepan Mesić, President of Croatia (2000–present)
**Prime Minister - Ivica Račan, Prime Minister of Croatia (2000–2003)
*Czech Republic -
**President - Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
**Prime Minister - Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1998–2002)
* Denmark
**Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
**# Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–present)
** "Greenland" - Jonathan Motzfeldt, Prime Minister of Greenland (1997–2002)
* Estonia
**President -
**# Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (1992–2001)
**# Arnold Rüütel, President of Estonia (2001–2006)
**Prime Minister - Mart Laar, Prime Minister of Estonia (1999–2002)
* Finland
**President - Tarja Halonen, President of Finland (2000–present)
**Prime Minister - Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland (1995–2003)
* France
**President - Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
**Prime Minister - Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France (1997–2002)
* Georgia
** President - Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1995–2003)
** Prime Minister -
**#Giorgi Arsenishvili, Prime Minister of Georgia (2000–2001)
**#Avtandil Jorbenadze, Prime Minister of Georgia (2001–2003)
** Abkhazia
*** President - Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1994–2005)
*** Prime Minister -
**#Vyacheslav Tsugba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1999–2001)
**#Anri Djergenia, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2001–2002)
* Germany
**President - Johannes Rau, President of Germany (1999–2004)
**Chancellor - Gerhard Schröder, Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
* Greece
**President - Kostis Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
**Prime Minister - Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
* Hungary
**President - Ferenc Mádl, President of Hungary (2000–2005)
**Prime Minister - Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002)
* Iceland
**President - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–present)
**Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
* Ireland
**President - Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–present)
**Prime Minister - Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach (1997–2008)
* Italy
**President - Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of the Italian Republic (1999–2006)
**Prime Minister -
**# Giuliano Amato, Prime Minister of Italy (2000–2001)
**# Silvio Berlusconi, Prime Minister of Italy (2001–2006, 2008-present)
* Latvia
**President - Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia (1999–2007)
**Prime Minister - Andris Bērziņš, Prime Minister of Latvia (2000–2002)
* Liechtenstein
**Monarch - Hans Adam II, Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
**Head of Government -
**# Mario Frick, Head of Government (1993–2001)
**# Otmar Hasler, Head of Government (2001–present)
* Lithuania
**President - Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (1998–2003)
**Prime Minister -
**# Rolandas Paksas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2000–2001)
**# Eugenijus Gentvilas, acting Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001)
**# Algirdas Brazauskas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001–2006)
* Luxembourg
**Monarch - Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
**Prime Minister - Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–present)
*Republic of Macedonia -
**President - Boris Trajkovski, President of the Republic of Macedonia (1999-2004)
**Prime Minister - Lyubcho Georgievski, Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (1998–2002)
* Malta
**President - Guido de Marco, President of Malta (1999–2004)
**Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1998–2004
* Monaco
**Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
** Head of Government - Patrick Leclercq, Minister of State of Monaco (2000–present)
* The Netherlands
**Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
**Prime Minister - Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
* Norway
**Monarch - Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Jens Stoltenberg, Prime Minister of Norway (2000–2001)
**# Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (2001–2005)
* Poland
**President - Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of the Republic of Poland (1995–2005)
**Prime Minister -
**# Jerzy Buzek, Prime Minister of Poland (1997–2001)
**# Leszek Miller, Prime Minister of Poland (2001–2004)
* Portugal
**President - Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
**Prime Minister - António Guterres, Prime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002)
* Romania
**President - Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (2000–2004)
**Prime Minister - Adrian Năstase, Prime Minister of Romania (2000–2004)
* Russia
**President - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008)
**Prime Minister - Mikhail Kasyanov, Prime Minister of Russia (2000–2004)
* San Marino
**Captains Regent -
**# Alberto Cecchetti and Gino Giovagnoli (semester ending 31 March)
**# Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari and Giovanni Francesco Ugolini (semester April-September)
**# Mauro Chiaruzzi and Giuseppe Maria Morganti (semester beginning 1 October)
* Slovakia
**President - Rudolf Schuster, President of Slovakia (1999–2004)
**Prime Minister - Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
* Slovenia
**President - Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1990–2002)
**Prime Minister - Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2000–2002)
* Spain
**Monarch - Juan Carlos, King of Spain (1975–present)
**Prime Minister - José María Aznar, President of the Government (1996–2004)
* Sweden
**Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
**Prime Minister - Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
* Switzerland
**Swiss Federal Council: Kaspar Villiger, Ruth Dreifuss, Moritz Leuenberger President of the Swiss Confederation, Pascal Couchepin, Ruth Metzler-Arnold, Joseph Deiss, Samuel Schmid
* Turkey
** President - Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President of Turkey (2000–2007)
** Prime Minister - Bülent Ecevit, Prime Minister of Turkey (1999-2002)
* Ukraine
** President - Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
** Prime Minister -
**# Viktor Yushchenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1999–2001)
**# Anatoliy Kinakh, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2001–2002)
* United Kingdom
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1952–present)
**Prime Minister - Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
*Vatican City
** Pope - John Paul II, Bishop of Rome (1978–2005)
** Secretary of State - Angelo Cardinal Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–present)

Middle East

* Bahrain -
**Monarch - Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah, Emir of Bahrain (1999–present)
**Prime Minister - Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1971–present)
* Egypt -
**President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–present)
**Prime Minister - Atef Ebeid, Prime Minister of Egypt (1999–2004)
* Iran -
**Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
**President - Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
* Iraq -
**President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
**Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1994–2003)
* Israel -
**President - Moshe Katsav, President of Israel (2000–2007)
** Head of Government -
**# Ehud Barak, Prime Minister of Israel (1999–2001)
**# Ariel Sharon, Prime Minister of Israel (2001–2006)
* Jordan -
**Monarch - King Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
**Prime Minister - Ali Abu al-Ragheb, Prime Minister of Jordan (2000–2003)
* Kuwait -
**Monarch - Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
**Prime Minister - Saad al-Abdullah al-Salim al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)
* Lebanon -
**President - Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon (1998–present)
**Prime Minister - Rafiq al-Hariri, Prime Minister of Lebanon (2000–2004)
* Oman -
**Monarch - Qaboos Bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
**Prime Minister - Qaboos Bin Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
* Qatar -
**Monarch - Ahmad ibn Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–present)
**Prime Minister - Abdullah ibn Khalifah Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
* Saudi Arabia -
**Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
**Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
* Syria -
**President - Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)
**Prime Minister - Muhammed Mustafa Mero, Prime Minister of Syria (2000–2003)
* Turkey
**President - Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President of Turkey (2000–present)
**Prime Minister - Bülent Ecevit, Prime Minister of Turkey (1999–2002)
* United Arab Emirates
**President - Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971–2004)
**Prime Minister - Maktoum Bin Rashid al-Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
* Yemen
** President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1990–present)
** Prime Minister -
**# Abdul Karim al-Iryani, Prime Minister of Yemen (1998–2001)
**# Abdul Qadir Bajamal, Prime Minister of Yemen (2001–2007)

North America

*Antigua and Barbuda -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
**Governor-General - James Carlisle, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
**Prime Minister - Lester Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
*Bahamas -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
**Governor-General -
**#Orville Alton Turnquest, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1995–2001)
**#Ivy Dumont, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2001–2005)
**Prime Minister - Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
*Barbados -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
**Governor-General - Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–present)
**Prime Minister - Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
*Belize -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
**Governor-General - Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
**Prime Minister - Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
* Canada
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
**Governor General - Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005)
**Prime Minister - Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
** See also: 2001 Canadian incumbents
*Costa Rica - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, President of Costa Rica (1998–2002)
* Cuba - Fidel Castro, President of Cuba (1976-2008)
*Dominica -
**President - Vernon Shaw, President of Dominica (1998–2003)
**Prime Minister - Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (2000–2004)
*Dominican Republic - Hipólito Mejía, President of the Dominican Republic (2000–2004)
* El Salvador
**President - Francisco Flores, President of El Salvador (1999–2004)
* Grenada
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
**Governor-General - Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–present)
**Prime Minister - Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
* Guatemala
**President - Alfonso Portillo, President of Guatemala (2000–2004)
* Haiti
**President -
**# René Préval, President of Haiti (1996–2001)
**# Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President of Haiti (2001–2004)
**Prime Minister -
**# Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime Minister of Haiti (1999–2001)
**# Jean-Marie Chérestal, Prime Minister of Haiti (2001–2002)
* Honduras
**President - Carlos Flores Facussé, President of Honduras (1998–2002)
* Jamaica
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
**Governor-General - Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–present)
**Prime Minister - P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
* Mexico
**President - Vicente Fox, President of Mexico (2000–2006)
* Nicaragua
**President - Arnoldo Alemán, President of Nicaragua (1997–2002)
* Panama
**President - Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama (1999–2004)
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
**Governor-General - Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–present)
**Prime Minister - Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–present)
* Saint Lucia
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
**Governor-General - Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–present)
**Prime Minister - Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006)
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
**Governor-General - Sir Charles Antrobus, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1996–2002)
**Prime Minister -
**# Arnhim Eustace, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2000–2001)
**# Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–present)
* Trinidad and Tobago
**President - Arthur Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003)
**Prime Minister -
**# Basdeo Panday, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001)
**# Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–present)
* United States
**President -
**#Bill Clinton, President of the United States (1993–2001)
**#George W. Bush, President of the United States (2001–present)
** See also: 107th United States Congress
** See also: 2001 United States Governors

outh America

* Argentina -
*# Fernando de la Rúa, President of Argentina (1999–2001)
*# Ramón Puerta, President of Argentina (2001)
*# Adolfo Rodríguez Saá, President of Argentina (2001)
*# Eduardo Camaño, President of Argentina (2001-2002)
* Bolivia -
*# Hugo Banzer, President of Bolivia (1997–2001)
*# Jorge Quiroga, President of Bolivia (2001–2002)
* Brazil - Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of Brazil (1995–2003)
* Chile - Ricardo Lagos, President of Chile (2000–2006)
* Colombia - Andrés Pastrana Arango, President of Colombia (1998–2002)
* Ecuador - Gustavo Noboa, President of Ecuador (2000–2003)
* Guyana -
** President - Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–present)
** Prime Minister - Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–present)
* Paraguay - Luis Ángel González Macchi, President of Paraguay (1999–2003)
* Peru -
*# Valentín Paniagua, President of Peru (2000–2001)
*# Alejandro Toledo, President of Peru (2001–2006)
* Suriname - Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (2000–present)
* Uruguay - Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, President of Uruguay (2000–2005)
* Venezuela - Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (1999–2002)