French denier

Denier of Charlemagne. 768-814 CE. 21mm, 1.19 g, Toulouse mint.

Denier of Pepin I of Aquitaine 817-838.

The denier was a Frankish coin created by Charlemagne in the Early Middle Ages. It was introduced together with an accounting system in which twelve deniers equaled one sou and twenty sous equalled one livre. This system and the denier itself served as the model for many of Europe's currencies, including the British pound, Italian lira, Spanish peseta and the Portuguese dinheiro.^{[citation needed]}

The British equivalent of the denier was the penny, 240 of which (prior to decimalisation) made up one British pound or 20 shillings. The symbol for both the old denier and, until decimalisation, the penny used in the United Kingdom and elsewhere was "d".

The name denier was derived from the name of the Roman coin the denarius.

Gold denier

Most deniers were silver, but a gold one has been found and is included in a German exhibition.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• denar
• dinar
• dinero
• pfennig