Gambell, Alaska

Infobox Settlement
official_name = Gambell, Alaska
settlement_type = City
nickname =
motto =

imagesize =
image_caption =


image_

map_caption = Location of Gambell, Alaska
mapsize = 250px


mapsize1 =
map_caption1 =

subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = United States
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 = Alaska
subdivision_type2 = Census Area
subdivision_name2 = Nome
government_footnotes =
government_type =
leader_title =
leader_name =
leader_title1 =
leader_name1 =
established_title =
established_date =

area_magnitude =
area_footnotes =
area_total_km2 = 78.6
area_land_km2 = 28.2
area_water_km2 = 50.4
area_total_sq_mi = 30.4
area_land_sq_mi = 10.9
area_water_sq_mi = 19.5

population_as_of = 2007
population_footnotes =cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2007-04-02.csv|title=Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places in Alaska|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=2008-07-10|accessdate=2008-07-14]
population_total = 653

timezone = Alaska (AKST)
utc_offset = -9
timezone_DST = AKDT
utc_offset_DST = -8
elevation_footnotes =
elevation_m = 0
elevation_ft = 0
latd = 63 |latm = 46 |lats = 34 |latNS = N
longd = 171 |longm = 42 |longs = 3 |longEW = W

postal_code_type =
postal_code =
area_code = 907
GNIS_id = 1402463
blank_name = FIPS code
blank_info = 02-27640
blank1_name =
blank1_info =
website =
footnotes =

Gambell is a village on St. Lawrence Island in Alaska, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 649.

Geography

Gambell is located on the northwest cape of St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea, 325 km (200 miles) southwest of Nome. It is 58 km (36 miles) from the Chukchi Peninsula in the Russian Far East.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 30.4 square miles (78.6 km²), of which, 10.9 square miles (28.2 km²) of it is land and 19.5 square miles (50.4 km²) of it (64.10%) is water.

Demographics

As of the censusGR|2 of 2000, there were 649 people, 159 households, and 121 families residing in the city. The population density was 59.5 people per square mile (23.0/km²). There were 187 housing units at an average density of 17.2/sq mi (6.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.69% Native American, 3.54% White, 0.46% Asian, and 0.31% from two or more races. 0.31% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 159 households out of which 51.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 18.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.3% were non-families. 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 0.6% had someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.08 and the average family size was 4.82.

In the city the population was spread out with 38.5% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 5.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females there were 132.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 143.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,458, and the median income for a family was $30,625. Males had a median income of $30,625 versus $22,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $8,764. 28.5% of the population and 30.6% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 29.6% were under the age of 18 and 33.3% were 65 or older.

Gambell has a reputation for having some of the best ivory carvers in the world. They work primarily in walrus ivory.

History

"Sivuqaq" is the Yupik language name for St. Lawrence Island and for Gambell. It has also been called "Chibuchack" and "Sevuokok".

St. Lawrence Island has been inhabited sporadically for the past 2,000 years by both Alaskan Yup'ik and Siberian Yupik people. In the 1700s and 1800s, the island had a population of about 4,000.

In 1887, the Reformed Episcopal Church of America decided to open a mission on St. Lawrence Island. That year a carpenter, lumber and tools were left at Sivuqaq by a ship. The carpenter worked with local Yupik to build a wood building, the first they had ever seen. When the building was finished, the carpenter left the keys to the door with a local chief and departed. Since the carpenter had not spoken Siberian Yupik, the residents did not know the purpose of the building.

Between 1878 and 1880 a famine decimated the island's population. Many who did not starve left. The remaining population of St. Lawrence Island was nearly all Siberian Yupik.

The Reformed Episcopal Church had not been able to find missionaries willing to live on St. Lawrence Island, so the building built for the mission was left unoccupied. In 1890, the building was acquired by Sheldon Jackson. He spoke to the Reverend Vene and Nellie Gambell, of Wapello, Iowa, about moving to St. Lawrence Island. Gambell was hired as a schoolteacher and the Gambells came to the island in 1894. They had a daughter in 1897. Nellie Gambell became ill and the Gambells spent the winter of 1897-1898 in the United States, where Nellie was hospitalized. In the spring of 1898 they embarked on a return journey to St. Lawrence Island on the ship "Lady Jane Grey". The ship sank in a storm and 43 people on it drowned, including the Gambells and their daughter.

After their death, Sivuqaq was renamed in the Gambells' honor.

Gambell and Savoonga received joint title to most of the land on St. Lawrence Island under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971.

Education

Gambell is served by the Bering Strait School District. Gambell School serves grades Pre-K through 12.

References

External links

* [http://web.archive.org/web/20060614130759/http://www.gambellpresbyterian.org/ Gambell Presbyterian Church] with description of the village