- Cieszyn
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For other places with the same name, see Cieszyn (disambiguation).
Cieszyn Town square
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Coat of armsMotto: Amore et non dolore Location of Cieszyn in Poland
CieszynCoordinates: 49°44′54.37″N 18°37′59.56″E / 49.7484361°N 18.6332111°E Country 
PolandVoivodeship Silesian County Cieszyn First mentioned 1155 Government - Mayor Mieczysław Jerzy Szczurek Area - Total 28.69 km2 (11.1 sq mi) Population (2006) - Total 36,014 - Density 1,255.3/km2 (3,251.2/sq mi) Postal code 43-400 Website http://www.cieszyn.pl/ 
Divided town. Cieszyn (left), Olza River (centre) and Český Těšín (right).
Cieszyn [ˈt͡ɕɛʂɨn] (
listen) (Czech: Těšín, German: Teschen) is a border-town and the seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has 36,109 inhabitants (2004). Cieszyn lies on the Olza River, a tributary of the Oder river, opposite Český Těšín.It is situated in the heart of the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Until the end of World War I in 1918 it was a seat of the Duchy of Teschen. In 1920 Cieszyn Silesia was divided between the two newly created states of Poland and Czechoslovakia, with the smaller western suburbs of Teschen becoming part of Czechoslovakia as a new town called Český Těšín. The larger part of the town joined Poland as Cieszyn.[1]
The town combines both Polish and Austrian peculiarities in the style of its buildings. Because of several major fires and subsequent reconstructions (the last one in the late 18th century), the picturesque old town is sometimes called Little Vienna. The only relic of the ancient castle is a square tower, dating from the 12th century and 10th century romanesque chapel.
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History
Main article: History of CieszynThe area has been populated by Slavic peoples since at least the 7th century. According to the legend, in 810 three sons of a prince – Bolko, Leszko and Cieszko, met here after a long pilgrimage, found a spring, and decided to found a new settlement. They called it Cieszyn, from the words "cieszym się", "I'm happy". This well can be found at the ulica Trzech Braci ("Three Brothers Street"), just west of the town square.[2][3]
The town was the capital of the Duchy of Teschen and shared its history throughout the ages. It was in Teschen where Maria Theresa and Frederick II signed on 13 May 1779, the Teschen Peace Treaty, which put an end to the War of the Bavarian Succession. Teschen was known for its national, religious and cultural diversity, consisting mostly of German, Polish, Jewish and Czech communities.[4] There was also a small but lively Hungarian community in the town consisting mostly of officers and clerks.[5]
According to the Austrian census of 1910 the town had 22,489 inhabitants. 13,254 (61.5%) were German-speaking, 6,832 (31.7%) were Polish-speaking and 1,437 (6.7%) were Czech-speaking. Jews were not allowed to declare Yiddish, most of them thus declared German as their native language. The most populous religious groups were Roman Catholics with 15,138 (67.3%), followed by Protestants with 5,174 (23%) and the Jews with 2,112 (9.4%).[6]
The town was divided in July 1920, by the Spa Conference, a body formed by the Versailles Treaty, leaving a sizeable Polish community on the Czechoslovak side. Its smaller westerns suburbs became what is now the town of Český Těšín in the Czech Republic. Both towns were joined together again in October 1938 when Poland annexed the Zaolzie area together with Český Těšín. In 1939 whole Cieszyn Silesia was annexed by German forces and during the World War II was a part of Nazi Germany. After the war, the border between Poland and Czechoslovakia was restored to the one from 1920.
After Poland and the Czech Republic joined the European Union and its passport-free Schengen zone, border controls were abolished and residents of both the Polish and Czech part can move freely across the border.
On 19 July 1970, five Polish firefighters from Cieszyn died, when a bridge they were on fell into the Olza River, due to heavy flooding.
Culture
Since the 19th century Cieszyn Silesia has been an important centre of Polish Protestantism. Currently Cieszyn is also the site of the Cieszyn Summer Film Festival, one of the most influential film festivals in Poland. There is also an earlier established Czech-Polish-Slovak film festival.
Industry
Cieszyn is an important centre of the electromechanical industry. It is also the site of the Olza Cieszyn sweets factory (where the famous Prince Polo wafers are made) and the Brackie Browar, where Żywiec Porter is brewed. The main source of income for many citizens is trade with the nearby Czech Republic and retail trade associated with transit across the two bridges over the Olza to Český Těšín.
Sites of interest
Copper engraving from c. 1640 depicting the town- Romanesque St. Nicholas' Chapel (Kaplica św. Mikołaja, a rotunda from the 11th century)
- Remnants of the Piast dynasty castle
- Piast Castle Tower (Wieża Piastowska, mostly 14th century)
- Gothical St. Mary Magdalene Church (Kościół Marii Magdaleny, 13th century)
- Old Town Square (Rynek)
- bourgeoisie houses (15th-19th centuries)
- Town Hall (Ratusz, early 19th century)
- Former minting house (18th century)
- Museum of Cieszyn Silesia in the former Larisch family palace (Pałac Laryszów, Muzeum Śląska Cieszyńskiego, the first museum in Poland)
- Castle Brewery (Browar Zamkowy, 1846)
- The protestant Church of Jesus (Kościół Jezusowy), with a baroque tower and statues of the Four Evangelists above the altar that liven up the plain interior.
People
See also Category: People from Cieszyn.- Herbert Czaja (born November 5, 1914), German politician (CDU)
- Magdalena Gwizdoń (born August 4, 1979), Polish female biathlete
- Hermann Heller (born July 17, 1891), jurist
- Ireneusz Jeleń (born April 9, 1981), Polish footballer
- Carl Friedrich Kotschy (born January 26, 1789), botanist and theologian
- Inge Mahn (born 1943), German female sculptor, professor
- Richard Pipes (born July 11, 1923), a Jewish-American historian
- Rudolf Ramek (born April 12, 1881), Austrian politician, Chancellor of Austria
- Max Rostal (born August 7, 1905), violinist and educator
- Tomisław Tajner (born May 14, 1983), Polish ski jumper
- Jiří Třanovský (born March 27, 1592), theologian and composer
- Friedrich Uhl (born May 14, 1825), journalist, writer
- Viktor Ullmann (born January 1, 1898), a Jewish musician
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Cieszyn is twinned with:
Gallery
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Rotunda from circa 1180 / St. Nicholas Church
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14th century Piast tower
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Głęboka St.
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Statue of Saint Florian
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Monastery, church, and hospital of the Sisters of Saint Elizabeth
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Mary Magdalene Dominican Church, begun in late 13th century
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Monument commemorating Silesian legionaries fallen for Poland
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Adam Mickiewicz Theatre
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Hotel on the town square
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Evangelical Protestant Church of Jesus, begun in 1710
Footnotes
- ^ Edmund Jan Osmańczyk, Anthony Mango. Encyclopedia of the United Nations and international agreements - Volume 1 A-F (2003 ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 382. ISBN 0415939216.
- ^ Cieszyn - Tourism | Tourist Information - Cieszyn, Poland
- ^ The legend is inscribed on the Well of the Three Brothers in Cieszyn.
- ^ Wawreczka et al. 1999, 13.
- ^ Wawreczka et al. 1999, 10.
- ^ Ludwig Patryn (ed): Die Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1910 in Schlesien, Troppau 1912.
References
- Wawreczka, Henryk; Janusz Spyra and Mariusz Makowski (1999). Těšín, Český Těšín na starých pohlednicích a fotografiích / Cieszyn, Czeski Cieszyn na starych widokówkach i fotografiach. Nebory, Třinec: Wart. ISBN 80-238-4804-6.
Further reading
- Długajczyk, Edward (1993). Tajny front na granicy cieszyńskiej. Wywiad i dywersja w latach 1919-1939. Katowice: Śląsk. ISBN 83-85831-03-7.
External links
- Official website
- Museum of Cieszyn Silesia (Muzeum Śląska Cieszyńskiego)
Urban gminas 
Urban-rural gminas Rural gminas
Coordinates: 49°44′54.37″N 18°37′59.56″E / 49.7484361°N 18.6332111°ECategories:- Cieszyn Silesia
- Cieszyn
- Czech Republic–Poland border crossings
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