Minneapolis City Hall

Minneapolis City Hall-Hennepin County Courthouse
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Minneapolis City Hall, Franklin Bidwell Long and Frederick Kees, architects, finished 1906 (view from northeast)
Location:	Minneapolis, MN
Coordinates:	44°58′38″N 93°15′55″W / 44.9773°N 93.2654°W / 44.9773; -93.2654Coordinates: 44°58′38″N 93°15′55″W / 44.9773°N 93.2654°W / 44.9773; -93.2654
Built:	1888 - 1909
Architect:	Long and Kees
Architectural style:	Richardson Romanesque
Governing body:	Municipal Building Commission
NRHP Reference#:	74001022
Added to NRHP:	December 4, 1974

Minneapolis City Hall and Hennepin County Courthouse (also known as the "Municipal Building"), designed by Long and Kees in 1888, is the main building used by the city government of Minneapolis, Minnesota as well as by Hennepin County, Minnesota. The structure has served many different purposes since it was built, although today the building is 60 percent occupied by the city and 40 percent occupied by the County. The building is jointly owned by the city and county divided right down the middle and controlled by the Municipal Building Commission. The Commission consists of the chair of the County Board, the mayor of the City of Minneapolis, a member of the County Board and a member of the Minneapolis City Council. The County Board chair serves as the president of the Commission and the mayor serves as the vice president.The City Hall and Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Architecture

The building replaced an earlier City Hall that existed from 1873 until 1912 near the old intersection between Hennepin Avenue and Nicollet Avenue. That structure eventually was razed to make way for Gateway Park, which continues to occupy part of the old City Hall site. The building also replaced an earlier courthouse and also the earlier Hennepin County Jail, which was located where the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome now stands.

The building, located at 350 South Fifth Street, is an example of Richardsonian Romanesque architecture. The design is based upon Henry Hobson Richardson's Allegheny County Courthouse in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Washington School, the first schoolhouse in Minneapolis west of the Mississippi River, was demolished to make way for the new building. Groundbreaking took place in 1889, and the cornerstone was laid (a story off the ground) in 1891. Construction did not officially end until 1909, although the structural exterior was essentially complete by the end of 1895. The county began moving in to its side (4th Ave.) shortly after that, although the city (3rd Ave.) side was not fully occupied until 1906. Cost was about $3,554,000, which works out to 28¢ per cubic foot ($10/m³). When constructed, the building claimed to have the world's largest clock. At 23 feet, 4 inches (slightly over 7 meters), the faces are four inches (10 cm) wider than those of the Great Clock in London (which houses the famous hour bell Big Ben). The tower housing the clock reaches 345 feet (105 m) in height, and was the tallest structure in the city until the 1920s when the Foshay Tower was built. A 15-bell chime in the tower is played regularly, with noontime concerts provided to the public on holidays and on Fridays and certain Sundays during the warm months. The chime was originally 10 bells, and it was first played on March 10, 1896. The building is built of Ortonville granite, with many stones greater than 20 tons in weight. The granite was originally only going to be used for the foundation of the building, with brick used for the upper portion. However, the public appreciated the appearance of the foundation so much that they lobbied for the entire building to be made of granite. This may be a reason for the significant cost overruns — it was originally expected to cost only $1.15 million.

Unlike most buildings in downtown Minneapolis, there aren't any skyways connecting the city hall to the rest of the city. Since any attempt at that would have been architecturally disastrous, tunnels were constructed instead. Public pedestrian tunnels connect the building to the Hennepin County Government Center under 5th Street, and to the U.S. Courthouse under 4th Street. There are also restricted tunnels for use by the sheriff connecting under 4th Avenue to the Hennepin County Jail and to the Government Center. The Blue Line light rail line has a stop on the south side of the building: the Government Plaza station.

City council chambers around 1900

Interior

City Hall with current copper roof

The "Father of Waters" sculpture

Inside, on the 4th Street side, there is a large five-story rotunda including a large sculpture, "Father of Waters," by American sculptor Larkin Goldsmith Mead who lived in Florence, Italy at the time. According to legend, rubbing his big toe brings good luck. It was completed and placed inside the building in 1906.

Originally, the building had a red terra cotta roof, but it began leaking so a copper roof was installed. At 180,000 pounds (81.6 t), it was said to be the largest in the country. The copper has since acquired its characteristic green patina.

Over the years, some of the larger spaces in the building were subdivided to make more office space. In the 1940s and 1950s, the city built a mezzanine floor over its side of the 3rd floor, and the county built an annex building on its side of the courtyard. In 1981, a committee plan recommended converting some of the spaces back to their original design and that other spaces be converted to a more modern design with corridors fronting onto the courtyard instead of going through the middle of each floor. The plan also called for the annex building in the courtyard to be demolished, the courtyard domed, and the Father of Waters sculpture moved in there. Many of these aspects of the plan were rejected, although restoration of certain historic spaces is still under consideration.

See also

• Minneapolis City Council
• List of tallest buildings in Minnesota

References

• (2001). A History of Minneapolis: Municipal Building. Minneapolis Public Library. Accessed September 18, 2004.
• Steve Ristuben and William Scott (1981). HABS/HAER MN-30 documentation. National Park Service/Library of Congress. Accessed September 19, 2004.
• More images. Public images. Images from flickr.

External links

• Official site
• Tower Bell Foundation non-profit group that produces concerts on the chime

Preceded by Metropolitan Building

Tallest Building in Minneapolis 1895—1929 104 m

Succeeded by Foshay Tower