mir-31

mir-31
Conserved secondary structure of mir-31
Identifiers
Symbol	mir-31
Rfam	RF00661
miRBase family	MIPF0000064
Other data
RNA type	microRNA
Domain(s)	Eukaryota;

In molecular biology mir-31 microRNA is a short non-coding RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

mir-31 has been characterised as a tumour suppressor miRNA.^[1]

Functions

miR-31 is thought to repress the expression of dystrophin by antisense binding of the dystrophin mRNA 3' untranslated region; thus manipulating miR-31 could aid treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.^[2]

Applications

miR-31 is the microRNA most underexpressed in serous ovarian cancer, thus it has been proposed that therapeutic delivery of miR-31 could have beneficial effects on the downstream p53 pathway.^[3]

Significantly higher levels of miR-31 can be recorded in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma; a study proposed that miR-31 concentration could act as a diagnostic marker.^[4] Conversely, in gastric cancer miR-31 levels were found to be significantly lower in tumour cells relative to healthy cells. Again, this could be used as a diagnostic marker.^[5]

References

1. ^ O'Day, E; Lal, A (2010). "MicroRNAs and their target gene networks in breast cancer.". Breast cancer research : BCR 12 (2): 201. PMID 20346098. 
2. ^ Cacchiarelli, D; Incitti, T, Martone, J, Cesana, M, Cazzella, V, Santini, T, Sthandier, O, Bozzoni, I (2011 Feb). "miR-31 modulates dystrophin expression: new implications for Duchenne muscular dystrophy therapy.". EMBO reports 12 (2): 136–41. PMID 21212803. 
3. ^ Creighton, CJ; Fountain, MD, Yu, Z, Nagaraja, AK, Zhu, H, Khan, M, Olokpa, E, Zariff, A, Gunaratne, PH, Matzuk, MM, Anderson, ML (2010 Mar 1). "Molecular profiling uncovers a p53-associated role for microRNA-31 in inhibiting the proliferation of serous ovarian carcinomas and other cancers.". Cancer research 70 (5): 1906–15. PMID 20179198. 
4. ^ Liu, CJ; Kao, SY, Tu, HF, Tsai, MM, Chang, KW, Lin, SC (2010 May). "Increase of microRNA miR-31 level in plasma could be a potential marker of oral cancer.". Oral diseases 16 (4): 360–4. PMID 20233326. 
5. ^ Zhang, Y; Guo, J, Li, D, Xiao, B, Miao, Y, Jiang, Z, Zhuo, H (2010 Sep). "Down-regulation of miR-31 expression in gastric cancer tissues and its clinical significance.". Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 27 (3): 685–9. PMID 19598010. 

Further reading

^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]}

1. ^ Olaru AV, Selaru FM, Mori Y, Vazquez C, David S, Paun B, Cheng Y, Jin Z, Yang J, Agarwal R, Abraham JM, Dassopoulos T, Harris M, Bayless TM, Kwon J, Harpaz N, Livak F, Meltzer SJ (2010). "Dynamic changes in the expression of MicroRNA-31 during inflammatory bowel disease-associated neoplastic transformation.". Inflamm Bowel Dis 17 (1): 221–31. doi:10.1002/ibd.21359. PMC 3006011. PMID 20848542. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3006011. 
2. ^ Cottonham CL, Kaneko S, Xu L (2010). "miR-21 and miR-31 converge on TIAM1 to regulate migration and invasion of colon carcinoma cells.". J Biol Chem 285 (46): 35293–302. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.160069. PMC 2975153. PMID 20826792. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2975153. 
3. ^ Valastyan S, Chang A, Benaich N, Reinhardt F, Weinberg RA (2010). "Concurrent suppression of integrin alpha5, radixin, and RhoA phenocopies the effects of miR-31 on metastasis.". Cancer Res 70 (12): 5147–54. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-0410. PMC 2891350. PMID 20530680. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2891350. 
4. ^ Valastyan S, Weinberg RA (2010). "miR-31: A crucial overseer of tumor metastasis and other emerging roles.". Cell Cycle 9 (11). PMID 20505365. 
5. ^ Pedrioli DM, Karpanen T, Dabouras V, Jurisic G, van de Hoek G, Shin JW, Marino D, Kälin RE, Leidel S, Cinelli P, Schulte-Merker S, Brändli AW, Detmar M (2010). "miR-31 functions as a negative regulator of lymphatic vascular lineage-specific differentiation in vitro and vascular development in vivo.". Mol Cell Biol 30 (14): 3620–34. doi:10.1128/MCB.00185-10. PMC 2897549. PMID 20479124. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2897549. 
6. ^ Ivanov SV, Goparaju CM, Lopez P, Zavadil J, Toren-Haritan G, Rosenwald S, Hoshen M, Chajut A, Cohen D, Pass HI (2010). "Pro-tumorigenic effects of miR-31 loss in mesothelioma.". J Biol Chem 285 (30): 22809–17. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.100354. PMC 2906272. PMID 20463022. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2906272. 

External links

• Rfam page for mir-31 microRNA precursor family