Foreign relations of Peru

Peru

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Peru

Executive Power President Vice President Prime Minister Cabinet Ministers of Peru Ministries of Peru Environment, Agriculture, Foreign Commerce/Tourism, Defense, Economy/Finance, Education, Energy and Mines, Interior, Justice, Health, Culture, Women/Social Development, Production, Foreign Relations, Labor/Prom. of Employment, Transportation/Communications, Housing/Construction/Sanitation Judicial Power Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Legislative Power Congress of the Republic Constitution Auton. institutions Nat. Council of the Magistrature Constitutional Tribunal Public Ministry Office of the Ombudsman Comptrollership Gen. of the Rep. SBS Central Reserve Bank National Universities Elections Elections in Peru Peruvian electoral system ONPE JNE RENIEC Political parties List of political parties APRA Peruvian Nationalist Party UPP PPC National Renewal Cambio 90 Sí Cumple Popular Action Possible Peru National Restoration Regional gov'ts Regional Governments of Peru Amazonas, Ancash Apurímac, Arequipa Ayacucho, Cajamarca Callao, Cuzco Huancavelica, Huánuco Ica, Junín, La Libertad Lambayeque, Lima Loreto, Madre de Dios Moquegua, Pasco, Piura Puno, San Martín Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali Local gov'ts Municipalities Provinces Districts Lima Province

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Peru has been a member of the United Nations since 1949, and Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar served as UN Secretary General from 1981 to 1991. Former President Fujimori’s tainted re-election to a third term in June 2000 strained Peru's relations with the United States and with many Latin American and European countries, but relations improved with the installation of an interim government in November 2000 and the inauguration of Alejandro Toledo in July 2001 after free and fair elections.

Peru is planning full integration into the Andean Free Trade Area. In addition, Peru is a standing member of APEC and the World Trade Organization, and is an active participant in negotiations toward a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA).

Latin America

Argentina

Brazil

Bolivia

Chile

Main article: Chile–Peru relations

In November 1999, Peru and Chile signed three agreements which put to rest the remaining obstacles holding up implementation of the 1929 Treaty of Lima, which officially ended the 1879 War of the Pacific. In December 1999, President Alberto Fujimori made the first visit ever to Chile by a Peruvian head of state.

Relations between the two nations have since mostly recovered. In 2005, the Peruvian Congress unilaterally approved a law which increased the stated sea limit with Chile. This law superseded the Peruvian supreme decree 781 for same purpose from 1947, which had autolimited its maritime border to geographical parallels only. Peru's position was that the border has never been fully demarcated, but Chile disagreed reminding on treaties in 1952 and 1954 between the countries, which supposedly defined seaborder. The border problem has still not been solved. However, Chile's Michelle Bachelet and Peru's Alan García have established a positive diplomatic relationship, and it is very unlikely any hostilities will break out because of the dispute. Nevertheless, in early April 2007, Peruvian nationalistic sectors, mainly represented by left wing ex-presidential candidate Ollanta Humala decided to congregate at 'hito uno' right at the border with Chile, in a symbolic attempt to claim sovereignty over a maritime area known in Peru as Mar de Grau (Grau's Sea) just west of the Chilean city of Arica. Peruvian police stopped a group of nearly 2,000 people just 10 km from the border, preventing them from reaching their intended destination. Despite these incidents, the presidents of both Chile and Peru have confirmed their intentions to improve the relationships between the two countries, mainly fueled by the huge amount of commercial exchange between both countries' private sectors.

Colombia

Ecuador

See also: History of the Ecuadorian-Peruvian territorial dispute

• In October 1998, Peru and Ecuador signed a peace accord which definitively resolved border differences which had, over the years, resulted in armed conflict. Peru and Ecuador are now jointly coordinating an internationally sponsored border integration project. The United States Government, as one of four guarantor states, was actively involved in facilitating the 1998 peace accord between Peru and Ecuador and remains committed to its implementation. The United States has pledged $40 million to the Peru-Ecuador border integration project and another $4 million to support Peruvian and Ecuadorian demining efforts along their common border.
• In November 2009, Peru made an agreement with Ecuador in which Peru would export between 40 and 50 megawatts of electricity until April 2010 in order to help Ecuador with its energy crisis.^[1] Rafael Correa, Ecuador's president, expressed his gratitude to Peru for its generous aid during Ecuador's energy crisis.^[2]

Mexico

Further information: Foreign relations of Mexico

Peru and Mexico have historically had a unique relationship solidly based on that they share two of the most significant ancient cultures in the Americas. Both countries have expressed solidarity over the need to defend the recovery of cultural and archeological heritage in the form of artifacts that have been illegally stolen from Peru and Mexico and which are to this date, illegally or legitimately kept in foreign locations. Peru's President Alan García and Mexico's Felipe Calderón signed a joint declaration in April of 2011 aimed at deepening the two countries' friendship, cooperation, integration, trade, investments and the permanent fight against poverty and organized crime. The two countries aim to achieve a new model of integration within Latin America, and to represent a positive, realistic, and active example of integration amongst two "brotherly" nations. Peru is represented through its embassy in Mexico City, and Mexico has an embassy in Lima.

Paraguay

Main article: Paraguay–Peru relations

• Paraguay has an embassy in Lima.^[3]
• Peru has an embassy in Asuncion.
• Both countries are full members of the Rio Group, of the Latin Union, of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, of the Organization of American States, of the Organization of Ibero-American States and of the Union of South American Nations.^[4]
• Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Relations about the relation with Paraguay (in Spanish only)

Uruguay

Main article: Peru–Uruguay relations

• Peru has an embassy in Montevideo.^[5]
• Uruguay has an embassy in Lima and an honorary consulate in Arequipa.
• Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Relations about relations with Uruguay (in Spanish only)

Venezuela

Europe

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Bulgaria	1969	See Bulgaria–Peru relations Peru closed its embassy in Sofia for economic reasons in 2003. Peru is represented in Bulgaria through its embassy in Athens (Greece). Bulgaria is represented in Peru through its embassy in Brasília (Brazil).[6] Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Relations about relations with Bulgaria (in Spanish only)
Croatia	1993-01-12	Croatia is represented in Peru through its embassy in Santiago (Chile) and through an honorary consulate in Lima. Peru is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Bucharest (Romania) and through an honorary consulate in Zagreb. There are around 6,500 people of Croatian descent living in Peru. Most Croats arrived in Peru between the Interwar period. Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration: list of bilateral treaties with Peru
Denmark		Peru is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.[7] Denmark is represented in Peru, through its embassy in La Paz, Bolivia.[8]
Finland	1963-01-25	Peru recognised Finland on June 23, 1919. Peru has an embassy in Helsinki. Finland has an embassy in Lima and two honorary consulate in Arequipa and Cusco. Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland about Peru
Kosovo	2008-02-22	Peru recognized Kosovo on 22 February 2008.[9] In response, Serbia withdrew its ambassador.[10]
Italy	1874-12-23	See Italy–Peru relations Italy has an embassy in Lima and 5 honorary consulates (in Arequipa, Cusco, Iquitos, Tacna and Trujillo).[11] Peru has an embassy in Rome, 6 general consulates (in Florence, Genoa, Milan, Naples, Trieste and Turin).[12][13]
Russia		Peru has an embassy in Moscow and an honorary consulate in Saint Petersburg. Russia has an embassy in Lima and an honorary consulate in the San Isidro District. Both countries are full members of the APEC.
Serbia	1967	Diplomatic relations between then Yugoslavia and Peru existed before the Second World War. They were renewed in 1967. Peru has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Lima.[14] Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Relations about the relation with Serbia (in Spanish only) Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Peru

Rest of World

Australia

Australia is represented in Peru through its embassy in Lima. Peru has an embassy in Canberra and a general consulate in Sydney. Both countries have a expanding relationship in all areas. Australia is Peru's APEC ally. Relations are growing in not only trade but friendly relations between the people's of Australia and Peru. In 2004 Peruvian congress signed a Peru Australia friendship league. There are few memorandums of understanding signed between the two countries. Many Australian tourists visit Australia averaging 25,000 tourists a year from Australia. There are about 47,000 Peruvians in Australia.

Canada

Main article: Canada–Peru relations

• Canada has an embassy in Lima.^[15]
• Peru has an embassy in Ottawa and 3 general consulates (in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver).^[16]
• Both countries are full members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, of the Cairns Group and of the Organization of American States.
• The Canadian government announced in February 2009 that it was adding Peru to its list of preferred countries to receive foreign aid. This list includes 18 countries and the West Bank and Caribbean.^[17]

Israel

Main article: Israel–Peru relations

• Israel has an embassy in Lima.^[18]
• Peru has an embassy in Tel Aviv.^[19]
• Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Relations about relations with Israel (in Spanish only)

Israel and Peru share a warm relationship and are great allies. Peru's embassy in Israel is the only diplomatic office Peru has in the entire Middle East.

United States

Main article: Peru – United States relations

• The U.S. maintains an embassy in Lima, Peru. There is a U.S. Consular Agency in Cuzco, and the USAID building is located in Lima.

Illicit drugs

Until recently the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru has reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 24% to 387 km² at the end of 1999; most of cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing by maritime conveyance to Mexico, US, and Europe.

See also

• List of diplomatic missions in Peru
• List of diplomatic missions of Peru
• Foreign policy of Ollanta Humala

References

1. ^ http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20091117/66697/Peru-exportara-energia-electrica-a-Ecuador-hasta-abril-de-2010
2. ^ http://www.peru.com/economiayfinanzas/noticias20091114/66081/Presidente-de-Ecuador-Rafael-Correa-agradece-cooperacion-de-Peru-en-crisis-energetica-
3. ^ Paraguayan embassy in Lima (in Spanish only)
4. ^ Peruvian embassy in Asuncion (in Spanish only)
5. ^ Peruvian embassy in Montevideo (in Spanish only)
6. ^ Bulgarian embassy in Brasilia (also accredited to Peru)
7. ^ http://pe.embassyinformation.com/list.php
8. ^ http://www.um.dk/da/menu/OmOs/Organisation/AmbassaderMv/Sydamerika/Peru.htm
9. ^ "Perú decide reconocer independencia de Kósovoe". Peruvian Ministry of External Relations. 2008-02-22. http://www.rree.gob.pe/portal/boletinInf.nsf/mrealdia/C9B70437F80DBAF7052573F700710D15?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2008-05-09. 
10. ^ "SERBIA ORDERS WITHDRAWAL OF AMBASSADORS FROM BELGIUM, PERU". DiplomacyMonitor.com aggregate for Kosovo-related diplomatic communiques. Serbia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (linked to). 2008-02-26. http://www.diplomacymonitor.com/stu/dm.nsf/dn/dnEE718E3181E57B48852573FB005B305D. Retrieved 2008-05-09. 
11. ^ Italian embassy in Lima (in Italian and Spanish only)
12. ^ Peruvian embassy in Rome (in Italian and Spanish only)
13. ^ Peruvian general consulate in Milan (in Italian and Spanish only)
14. ^ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: directions of Serbian embassy in Lima
15. ^ Canadian embassy in Lima
16. ^ Peruvian embassy in Ottawa
17. ^ Alexander Panetta, "Canada limits main foreign aid recipients to 20 countries", Canada East website (accessed 3 March2009)
18. ^ Israeli embassy in Lima (in Hebrew and Spanish only)
19. ^ Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Relations: direction of the Peruvian embassy in Tel Aviv