Climate of Russia

Climate of Russia
Russia Koppen Map.png

The climate of Russia is formed under the influence of several determining factors. The enormous size of the country and the remoteness of many areas from the sea result in the dominance of the continental climate, which is prevalent in European and Asian Russia except for the tundra and the extreme southeast. Mountains in the south obstructing the flow of warm air masses from the Indian Ocean and the plain of the west and north makes the country open to Arctic and Atlantic influences.[1][2]

Due to the moderating influence of the Atlantic or Pacific, the most populous areas of the country in European Russia, in the south of West Siberia and in the south of the Russian Far East, including the cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg, experience a humid continental climate. (Köppen's Dfb, Dfa, Dwb, Dwa types). Most of Northern European Russia and Siberia between the Scandinavian Peninsula and the Pacific Ocean has a subarctic climate, with extremely severe winters (Dfd, Dwd) in the inner regions of Northeast Siberia (mostly the Sakha Republic, where the Northern Pole of Cold is located with the record low temperature of −68 °C/−90.4 °F), and more moderate (Dwc, Dfc) elsewhere. The strip of land along the shore of the Arctic Ocean, as well as the Arctic islands, have a polar climate (extreme polar climate (EF) on some of the islands and tundra climate (ET) elsewhere). A small portion of the Black Sea coast, most notably in Sochi, possesses a humid subtropical climate (Köppen's Cfa) with unusually wet winters. Winter is dry compared to summer in many regions of East Siberia and the Far East (Dwa, Dwb, Dwc, Dwd types), while other parts of the country experience more even precipitation across seasons. Winter precipitation in most parts of the country usually falls as snow. The region along the Lower Volga and Caspian Sea coast, as well as some areas of southernmost Siberia, possess a semi-arid climate (BSk).

About 65% of the Russian territory is underlined by permafrost.

Averages and records by city

Climate data for Moscow (VVC) normals 1971–2000, records 1879 – the present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 8.6
(47.5)		 8.3
(46.9)		 17.5
(63.5)		 28.0
(82.4)		 33.2
(91.8)		 34.9
(94.8)		 38.2
(100.8)		 37.3
(99.1)		 32.3
(90.1)		 24.0
(75.2)		 14.5
(58.1)		 9.6
(49.3)		 38.2
(100.8)
Average high °C (°F) −4.9
(23.2)		 −3.5
(25.7)		 2.2
(36.0)		 10.8
(51.4)		 18.2
(64.8)		 22.1
(71.8)		 23.2
(73.8)		 21.3
(70.3)		 15.1
(59.2)		 8.1
(46.6)		 0.6
(33.1)		 −3.1
(26.4)		 9.2
Daily mean °C (°F) −7.5
(18.5)		 −6.7
(19.9)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 6.3
(43.3)		 12.8
(55.0)		 17.1
(62.8)		 18.4
(65.1)		 16.4
(61.5)		 10.8
(51.4)		 5.0
(41.0)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 5.4
Average low °C (°F) −10.3
(13.5)		 −9.9
(14.2)		 −4.7
(23.5)		 2.1
(35.8)		 7.4
(45.3)		 12.0
(53.6)		 13.8
(56.8)		 12.0
(53.6)		 7.0
(44.6)		 2.0
(35.6)		 −3.7
(25.3)		 −7.9
(17.8)		 1.7
Record low °C (°F) −42.2
(−44)		 −38.2
(−37)		 −32.4
(−26)		 −21
(−6)		 −7.5
(18.5)		 −2.3
(27.9)		 1.3
(34.3)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 −8.5
(16.7)		 −16.1
(3.0)		 −32.8
(−27)		 −38.8
(−38)		 −42.2
(−44)
Precipitation mm (inches) 52
(2.05)		 41
(1.61)		 35
(1.38)		 37
(1.46)		 51
(2.01)		 80
(3.15)		 85
(3.35)		 82
(3.23)		 68
(2.68)		 71
(2.8)		 54
(2.13)		 51
(2.01)		 707
(27.83)
% humidity 83 80 74 67 64 70 74 77 81 81 84 85 76.7
Avg. rainy days 0.8 0.7 3 9 13 14 15 15 15 12 6 2 105.5
Avg. snowy days 18 15 9 1 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 2 10 17 72.2
Sunshine hours 33 72 128 170 265 279 271 238 147 78 32 18 1,731
Source: [10] [11] [12][13]
Climate data for Saint Petersburg (1971 - 2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 8.6
(47.5)		 10.2
(50.4)		 14.9
(58.8)		 25.3
(77.5)		 30.9
(87.6)		 34.6
(94.3)		 35.3
(95.5)		 37.1
(98.8)		 30.4
(86.7)		 21.0
(69.8)		 12.3
(54.1)		 10.9
(51.6)		 37.1
(98.8)
Average high °C (°F) −3.6
(25.5)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 1.8
(35.2)		 8.5
(47.3)		 15.6
(60.1)		 20.2
(68.4)		 22.2
(72.0)		 20.2
(68.4)		 14.4
(57.9)		 8.1
(46.6)		 1.8
(35.2)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 8.8
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.1
(21.0)		 −6
(21.2)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 4.4
(39.9)		 10.9
(51.6)		 15.8
(60.4)		 18.1
(64.6)		 16.4
(61.5)		 11.0
(51.8)		 5.6
(42.1)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 −3.9
(25.0)		 5.4
Average low °C (°F) −8.8
(16.2)		 −8.8
(16.2)		 −4.2
(24.4)		 1.0
(33.8)		 6.6
(43.9)		 11.8
(53.2)		 14.4
(57.9)		 13.0
(55.4)		 8.1
(46.6)		 3.4
(38.1)		 −2.1
(28.2)		 −6.4
(20.5)		 2.4
Record low °C (°F) −35.9
(−32.6)		 −35.2
(−31.4)		 −29.9
(−21.8)		 −21.8
(−7.2)		 −6.6
(20.1)		 0.1
(32.2)		 4.9
(40.8)		 1.3
(34.3)		 −3.1
(26.4)		 −12.9
(8.8)		 −22.2
(−8.0)		 −34.4
(−29.9)		 −35.9
(−32.6)
Precipitation mm (inches) 40
(1.57)		 31
(1.22)		 35
(1.38)		 33
(1.3)		 38
(1.5)		 64
(2.52)		 78
(3.07)		 77
(3.03)		 67
(2.64)		 65
(2.56)		 56
(2.2)		 49
(1.93)		 633
(24.92)
Source: Pogoda.ru.net[16]
Climate data for Sochi
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.2
(70.2)		 23.5
(74.3)		 30.0
(86.0)		 33.7
(92.7)		 34.4
(93.9)		 35.0
(95.0)		 39.0
(102.2)		 38.5
(101.3)		 36.0
(96.8)		 32.3
(90.1)		 29.1
(84.4)		 23.1
(73.6)		 39.0
(102.2)
Average high °C (°F) 9.5
(49.1)		 9.9
(49.8)		 12.1
(53.8)		 16.0
(60.8)		 20.4
(68.7)		 24.0
(75.2)		 26.6
(79.9)		 27.1
(80.8)		 24.2
(75.6)		 20.0
(68.0)		 15.7
(60.3)		 11.8
(53.2)		 18.1
Average low °C (°F) 3.2
(37.8)		 3.2
(37.8)		 5.0
(41.0)		 8.5
(47.3)		 12.7
(54.9)		 16.4
(61.5)		 19.2
(66.6)		 19.4
(66.9)		 16.1
(61.0)		 12.3
(54.1)		 8.5
(47.3)		 5.4
(41.7)		 10.8
Record low °C (°F) −13.4
(7.9)		 −15
(5.0)		 −7.4
(18.7)		 −5.5
(22.1)		 1.7
(35.1)		 7.1
(44.8)		 12.0
(53.6)		 10.4
(50.7)		 2.7
(36.9)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 −5.4
(22.3)		 −8.3
(17.1)		 −15
(5.0)
Precipitation mm (inches) 183
(7.2)		 120
(4.72)		 115
(4.53)		 122
(4.8)		 89
(3.5)		 99
(3.9)		 93
(3.66)		 111
(4.37)		 133
(5.24)		 135
(5.31)		 182
(7.17)		 202
(7.95)		 1,584
(62.36)
Source: Pogoda.ru.net[18]
Climate data for Yakutsk
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) −5.8
(21.6)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 8.3
(46.9)		 21.1
(70.0)		 31.1
(88.0)		 35.1
(95.2)		 38.3
(100.9)		 35.4
(95.7)		 27.0
(80.6)		 20.5
(68.9)		 3.1
(37.6)		 −3.9
(25.0)		 38.3
(100.9)
Average high °C (°F) −39.5
(−39.1)		 −31.4
(−24.5)		 −14.1
(6.6)		 0.0
(32.0)		 12.1
(53.8)		 21.7
(71.1)		 25.1
(77.2)		 21.5
(70.7)		 11.9
(53.4)		 −3.5
(25.7)		 −24.4
(−11.9)		 −36.8
(−34.2)		 −5.5
Average low °C (°F) −45.9
(−50.6)		 −41.2
(−42.2)		 −29.8
(−21.6)		 −14.3
(6.3)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 8.3
(46.9)		 11.7
(53.1)		 8.5
(47.3)		 0.7
(33.3)		 −12.3
(9.9)		 −32.8
(−27.0)		 −43.2
(−45.8)		 −15.8
Record low °C (°F) −63
(−81.4)		 −64.4
(−83.9)		 −54.9
(−66.8)		 −41
(−41.8)		 −18.1
(−0.6)		 −7.2
(19.0)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 −7.8
(18.0)		 −14.2
(6.4)		 −40.9
(−41.6)		 −54.5
(−66.1)		 −59.8
(−75.6)		 −64.4
(−83.9)
Precipitation mm (inches) 9
(0.35)		 7
(0.28)		 6
(0.24)		 10
(0.39)		 18
(0.71)		 37
(1.46)		 39
(1.54)		 37
(1.46)		 29
(1.14)		 20
(0.79)		 16
(0.63)		 12
(0.47)		 240
(9.45)
Source: Pogoda.ru.net[20]

See also

  • Climate
  • The Northern Hemisphere Summer heat wave of 2010
  • Global storm activity of 2009
  • Global storm activity of 2010

References

  1. ^ "Russia::Climate and vegetation". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-207542. Retrieved 2007-07-03. 
  2. ^ "Climate". Library Of Congress. http://countrystudies.us/russia/24.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-26. 
  3. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://www.pogoda.ru.net/monitor.php. Retrieved September 8, 2010. 
  4. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/22550.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007. 
  5. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/30758.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007. 
  6. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/30791.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007. [dead link]
  7. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/26702.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007. 
  8. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/31735.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007. 
  9. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/29570.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007. 
  10. ^ "Thermograph.ru averages". http://thermograph.ru/mon/st_27612.htm. Retrieved 2011-01-12. 
  11. ^ "Pogoda & Climate (Weather & Climate)" (in Russian). http://www.pogoda.ru.net/climate/27612.htm. Retrieved 2011-01-12. 
  12. ^ "Climate monitor 2005-2011" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/monitor.php?id=27612. Retrieved 2011-01-12. 
  13. ^ "Average monthly Sunshine hours" (in Russian). Meteoweb.ru. http://meteoweb.ru/cl006-7.php. Retrieved 2011-01-12. 
  14. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/22113.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007. 
  15. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/27459.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007. 
  16. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/26063.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-08. 
  17. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/28807.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007. 
  18. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/37171.htm. Retrieved September 7, 2007. 
  19. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/31960.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007. 
  20. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/24959.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007. 
v · d · eClimate of Europe
Sovereign
states
States with limited
recognition
  • Abkhazia
  • Kosovo
  • Nagorno-Karabakh
  • Northern Cyprus
  • South Ossetia
  • Transnistria
Dependencies
and other territories
Other entities
  • European Union
  • Sovereign Military Order of Malta
v · d · eClimate of Asia
Sovereign
states
  • Afghanistan
  • Armenia
  • Azerbaijan
  • Bahrain
  • Bangladesh
  • Bhutan
  • Brunei
  • Burma (Myanmar)
  • Cambodia
  • People's Republic of China
  • Cyprus
  • East Timor (Timor-Leste)
  • Egypt
  • Georgia
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • Iran
  • Iraq
  • Israel
  • Japan
  • Jordan
  • Kazakhstan
  • North Korea
  • South Korea
  • Kuwait
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Laos
  • Lebanon
  • Malaysia
  • Maldives
  • Mongolia
  • Nepal
  • Oman
  • Pakistan
  • Philippines
  • Qatar
  • Russia
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Singapore
  • Sri Lanka
  • Syria
  • Tajikistan
  • Thailand
  • Turkey
  • Turkmenistan
  • United Arab Emirates
  • Uzbekistan
  • Vietnam
  • Yemen
States with limited
recognition
  • Abkhazia
  • Nagorno-Karabakh
  • Northern Cyprus
  • Palestine
  • Republic of China (Taiwan)
  • South Ossetia
Dependencies and
other territories
  • Christmas Island
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands
  • Hong Kong
  • Macau

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Russia — This article is about the current country. For other uses, see Russia (disambiguation). Russian Federation Российская Федерация Rossiyskaya Federatsiya …   Wikipedia

  • Climate of Moscow — Humid continental climate worldwide Moscow Climate chart (explanation) …   Wikipedia

  • Climate of Barcelona — Barcelona Climate chart (explanation) J F M A M J J A S O …   Wikipedia

  • Climate change in Russia — describes the global warming related issues in Russia. This includes the climate politics, contribution in the global warming and the influence of the global warming in Russia. In 2009 Russia was ready to decline emissions 20 25 % from 1990… …   Wikipedia

  • Russia — • Geography and history Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Russia     Russia     † Catholic E …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Climate change and agriculture — are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale.[1] Global warming is projected to have significant impacts on conditions affecting agriculture, including temperature, carbon dioxide, glacial run off, precipitation and the… …   Wikipedia

  • Climate change in China — is a contentious issue since it is not required to be a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol yet it is responsible for one of the highest levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Contents 1 Contribution 1.1 Cement 1.2 Coal …   Wikipedia

  • Climate change in Australia — Climate change has become a major issue in Australia due to drastic climate events since the turn of the 21st century that have focused government and public attention.[1] Rainfall in Australia has increased slightly over the past century,… …   Wikipedia

  • Climate sensitivity — is a measure of how responsive the temperature of the climate system is to a change in the radiative forcing. It is usually expressed as the temperature change associated with a doubling of the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth s… …   Wikipedia

  • Climate ethics — is a new and growing area of research that focuses on the ethical dimensions of climate change, and concepts such as climate justice. Human induced climate change raises many profound ethical questions, yet many believe that these ethical issues… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”