Methamidophos

Methamidophos
IUPAC name O,S-Dimethyl phosphoramidothioate
Identifiers
CAS number	10265-92-6 Y
PubChem	4096
ChemSpider	3954 Y
KEGG	C18667 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:38721 N
ChEMBL	CHEMBL504888 Y
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES O=P(OC)(SC)N
InChI InChI=1S/C2H8NO2PS/c1-5-6(3,4)7-2/h1-2H3,(H2,3,4) Y Key: NNKVPIKMPCQWCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/C2H8NO2PS/c1-5-6(3,4)7-2/h1-2H3,(H2,3,4) Key: NNKVPIKMPCQWCG-UHFFFAOYAA
Properties
Molecular formula	C2H8NO2PS
Molar mass	141.1 g/mol
Density	1.31 g/cm³
Melting point	44.5 °C, 318 K, 112 °F
Boiling point	thermally unstable
N (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Methamidophos is an organophosphate insecticide.^[1]

Crops grown with the use of methamidophos include some Latin American rice.^[2] Many nations use methamidophos on crops, including developed nations such as Spain, US, Japan, and Australia. Due to its toxicity, the use of pesticides that contain methamidophos is currently being phased out in Brazil.

Toxicity

LD₅₀ rates of 21 and 16 mg/kg for male and female rats, respectively. 10-30 mg/kg in rabbits, and dermal LD50 of 50 mg/kg in rats. It is rapidly absorbed through the stomach, lungs, and skin in humans, and eliminated primarily through urine.^[3] It is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Breakdown in soil is 6.1 days in sand, 309 days in water at pH 5.0, 27 days at pH 7.0, and 3 days at pH 9.0. Sunlight accelerates breakdown. It is uptaken through roots and leaves of plants.^[3]

It is classified as a WHO Toxicity Class "Class 1b, Highly Hazardous", and its parent chemical, acephate, is "class III, Slightly Hazardous".

Use

Methamidophos is used in great quantities in ricefields in China.^[4] Rice–fish culture is common in the southern parts of China as well as in many other rice-producing countries (e.g., Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines). Brown rice (unpolished) in this study contained double the concentration of polished rice. Both plants and animals did not degrade the pesticide well, and fish for human consumption in these cases contains methamidophos in concentrations roughly similar to brown rice.^[4]

Use in poisoning

Methamidophos was found in dumplings (gyoza) manufactured in China for the Japanese market after a number of consumers became sick.^[5]

References

1. ^ http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/class_insecticides.html
2. ^ Did Your Shopping List Kill A Songbird? Bridget Stutchbury, New York Times March 30, 2008
3. ^ ^{a b} [1]
4. ^ ^{a b} International Development Research Center
5. ^ Japan Times http://www.japantoday.com/category/crime/view/china-launches-contaminated-dumplings-probe