# Outline of logic

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Outline of logic

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to logic:

Logicformal science of using reason, considered a branch of both philosophy and mathematics. Logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of formal systems of inference and through the study of arguments in natural language. The scope of logic can therefore be very large, ranging from core topics such as the study of fallacies and paradoxes, to specialized analyses of reasoning such as probability, correct reasoning, and arguments involving causality. One of the aims of logic is to identify the correct (or valid) and incorrect (or fallacious) inferences. Logicians study the criteria for the evaluation of arguments.

## Formal logic

Mathematical logic, symbolic logic and formal logic are largely, if not completely synonymous. The essential feature of this field is the use of formal languages to express the ideas whose logical validity is being studied.

Formal logic –

### Propositional and boolean logic

#### Boolean logic

Boolean algebra

Boolean logic

Boolean algebra (structure)

## Mathematical logic

### Set theory

 Domain of a function Effective enumeration Element (mathematics) Empty function Empty set Enumeration Extensionality Finite set Function (mathematics) Function composition Generalized continuum hypothesis Index set Infinite set Intension Intersection (set theory) Inverse function Löwenheim–Skolem theorem Map (mathematics) Multiset Naïve set theory Non-Cantorian set theory One to one correspondence Ordered pair Partition of a set Pointed set Power set Projection (set theory) Proper subset Proper superset

### Metalogic

Metalogic – The study of the metatheory of logic.

#### Proof theory

Proof theory – The study of deductive apparatus.

#### Model theory

Model theory – The study of interpretation of formal systems.

## Classical logic

 Baralipton Baroco Bivalence Boolean logic Boolean-valued function Categorical proposition Commutativity of conjunction De Morgan duality Distribution of terms Double negative elimination End term Enthymeme Immediate inference Idempotency of entailment Law of contraries Law of noncontradiction Law of the excluded middle

## Concepts of logic

• Rule of inference
• Inference procedure –
• Inference rule –
• Introduction rule –

• Major premise –
• Minor premise –

• Logical argument –

## Lists

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