Outline of Taiwan

The Flag of the Republic of China		The National Emblem of the Republic of China

The location of Taiwan

An enlargeable relief map of Taiwan

An enlargeable basic map of Taiwan

An enlargeable topographic map of Taiwan

See also: Index of Taiwan-related articles

The Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, is a state located in East Asia with limited international recognition,^[1] due largely to diplomatic pressure from People's Republic of China (PR China). In addition to the Island of Taiwan, it also includes Lanyu (Orchid Island) and Green Island in the Pacific off the Taiwan coast, the Pescadores in the Taiwan Strait, and Kinmen and the Matsu Islands off the coast of Fujian in Mainland China. The island groups of Taiwan and Penghu (except the municipalities of Taipei and Kaohsiung) are administered as Taiwan Province of the ROC. However, in practice, almost all government power is exercised at the national and local (city/county) levels.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Taiwan:

General reference

• Pronunciation: /ˈtaɪˈwɑn/ ( listen)
  • Mandarin: [tʰai˧˥u̯an˥˥]
• Common English state names: Taiwan; archaic Formosa
• Official English state names: The Republic of China
• Common endonym(s): 臺灣 / 台灣 (Táiwan)
• Official endonym(s): 臺灣 / 台灣 – 中華民國 (Zhōnghuá Mínguó)
• Adjectival(s): Taiwanese
• Demonym(s): Taiwanese
• Etymology: Name of Taiwan
• International rankings of Taiwan
• ISO country codes: TW, TWN, 158
• ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:TW
• Internet country code top-level domain: .tw

Geography

Main article: Geography of Taiwan

• Taiwan is:
  • a common name used for the Republic of China since the 1970s, to avoid confusion with the People's Republic of China (mainland China)
  • also the name of the main island (Formosa)
• Location:
  • Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
  • Eurasia (but not on the mainland)
    • Asia
      • East Asia
  • Pacific Ocean
    • East China Sea
    • Philippine Sea
    • South China Sea
      • Taiwan Strait
  • Time zone: Chungyuan Standard Time (UTC+08)
  • Extreme points of Taiwan
    • High: Yu Shan 3,952 m (12,966 ft)
    • Low: South China Sea 0 m
  • Land boundaries: none
  • Coastline: 1,566 km
• Population of Taiwan: 22,805,547 people (2006 estimate) - 49th most populous country
• Area of Taiwan: 35,801 km² (13,823 sq mi) - 39th largest country
• Atlas of Taiwan

Environment

Satellite photo of Taiwan

Yehliu is a peninsula on the north coast of Taiwan, famous for the curious shapes carved along its shoreline by sea erosion.

Sun Moon Lake

Formosan Rock Macaques, an endemic species of Taiwan

Main article: Environment of Taiwan

• Climate of Taiwan
• Ecoregions in Taiwan
• Environmental issues in Taiwan
• Geology of Taiwan
• National parks in Taiwan
• Protected areas of Taiwan
• Renewable energy in Taiwan
• Wildlife of Taiwan
  • Endemic species of Taiwan
  • Fauna of Taiwan
  • Flora of Taiwan
    • Birds of Taiwan
    • Mammals of Taiwan

Geographic features

Main article: Landforms of Taiwan

• Glaciers of Taiwan
• Hot springs in Taiwan - Taiwan has one of the highest concentrations of hot springs in the World.
• Islands of the Republic of China
• Lakes in Taiwan
• Mountains in Taiwan
  • Volcanoes in Taiwan
• Rivers in Taiwan
  • Waterfalls in Taiwan
• Valleys in Taiwan
• World Heritage Sites in Taiwan: None

Regions

Main article: Regions of Taiwan

• Metropolitan areas in Taiwan

Ecoregions

Main articles: List of ecoregions in Taiwan and Ecoregions in Taiwan

• South Taiwan monsoon rain forests
• Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests

Administrative divisions of the Republic of China

Bank of the Keelung River in the Neihu District of Taipei.

A paifang in Zhongxing New Village. Zhongxing New Village is the capital of the Taiwan Province.

East Gate of Hsinchu City

Fengyuan Station is a train station of Taichung Line, part of Taiwan's Western main rail line. It's the main station of Fengyuan District, Taichung City.

Main articles: Administrative divisions of the Republic of China and List of cities in Taiwan

1st Level	Special municipalities	Provinces (streamlined)
2nd Level		Provincial cities	Counties
3rd Level	Districts		County-controlled cities	Townships

Provinces (streamlined)

Main article: Provinces of the Republic of China

• Taiwan Province
• Fujian Province

Special municipalities

Main article: Special municipality of Taiwan

• Kaohsiung City
• New Taipei City
• Taichung City
• Tainan City
• Taipei City (Capital of the Republic of China)

Provincial cities

Main article: Provincial city (Taiwan)

• Chiayi City
• Hsinchu City
• Keelung City

Counties

In Taiwan Province: Changhua County Chiayi County Hsinchu County Hualien County Miaoli County Nantou County Penghu County (Pescadores) Pingtung County Taitung County Taoyuan County Yilan County Yunlin County

In Fujian Province (Wade-Giles: Fuchien Postal:Fukien): Lienchiang County (Matsu) Kinmen County (Quemoy)

List of Taiwanese counties and cities

• by area
• by population
• by population density

Demography

Main article: Demographics of Taiwan

Government and politics of the Republic of China

Main article: Government of the Republic of China and Politics of the Republic of China

• Form of government: semi-presidential representative democratic republic
• Capital of the Republic of China: Taipei

• Elections in Taiwan
  • Presidential elections: 1996 - 2000 - 2004 - 2008
  • Legislative elections: 1948 - 1969 - 1972 - 1975 - 1980 - 1983 - 1986 - 1989 - 1991 (NA) - 1992 - 1995 - 1996 (NA) - 1998 - 2001 - 2004 - 2005 (NA) - 2008
• Nationalism in Taiwan
• Political parties in Taiwan
• Political scandals of Taiwan
• Taiwanese localization movement
• Taiwan's desinicization campaign
• Three Principles of the People
• Taxation in Taiwan

Branches of government

Main article: Government of the Republic of China

The government of the Republic of China has 5 branches, called "Yuan".

Executive Yuan

Ma Ying-jeou, President of the Republic of China

Wu Den-yih, Premier of the Republic of China

Main article: Executive Yuan

• Head of state: President of the Republic of China, Ma Ying-jeou
  • Vice President of the Republic of China: Vincent Siew
• Head of government: Premier of the Republic of China, Liu Chao-shiuan
• Cabinet of the Republic of China
  • Ministry of the Interior
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  • Ministry of National Defense
  • Ministry of Finance
  • Ministry of Education
  • Ministry of Justice
  • Ministry of Economic Affairs
  • Ministry of Transportation and Communications

Legislative Yuan

Main article: Legislative Yuan

• Legislative Yuan is a unicameral parliament

Judicial Yuan

Main articles: Judicial Yuan and Law of the Republic of China

• Supreme Court of the Republic of China

Control Yuan

Main article: Control Yuan

Examination Yuan

Main article: Examination Yuan

Foreign relations of the Republic of China

Main articles: Foreign relations of the Republic of China and Political status of Taiwan

Chinese reunification Chinese Taipei Cross-Strait relations Diplomatic missions of Taiwan Four Noes and One Without Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China

Free Area of the Republic of China Legal status of Taiwan Passports "Republic of Taiwan" Sino-Pacific relations

Taiwan independence Republic of China-United States relations Six Assurances Taiwan Relations Act Visa policy of the Republic of China

International organization membership

The Republic of China is a member of:^[1]

• Asian Development Bank (ADB) (as Chinese Taipei)
• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) (as Chinese Taipei)
• Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)
• International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) (as Chinese Taipei)
• International Olympic Committee (IOC) (as Chinese Taipei)
• International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) (as Chinese Taipei)
• World Confederation of Labour (WCL)
• World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
• World Trade Organization (WTO) (as Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu, "Chinese Taipei")

The Republic of China is excluded from:

• United Nations
  • The Republic of China was a founding member of the UN, but was expelled in 1971 in favor of the PRC, through UNGA Resolution 2758
  • On 23 July 2007, the Republic of China's (15th) request to join the UN was rejected.^[2]

Law and order

Main article: Law of the Republic of China

Capital punishment in the Republic of China Citizenship in the Republic of China Constitution of the Republic of China Corporal punishment in Taiwan

Crime in Taiwan Human rights in Taiwan LGBT rights in Taiwan Freedom of religion in Taiwan

Identification in Taiwan Law enforcement in Taiwan Coast Guard Administration National Police Agency

Military

ROC Navy Kang Ding-class (Lafayette-class) frigate with S-70C helicopter

Main article: Republic of China Armed Forces

• Command
  • Commander-in-chief: Ma Ying-jeou
    • Ministry of National Defense
• Conscription in the Republic of China
• Forces
  • Army of the Republic of China
  • Navy of the Republic of China
    • Marine Corps of the Republic of China
  • Air Force of the Republic of China
  • Republic of China Military Police
  • Special forces of the Republic of China
• Military history of the Republic of China
• Military ranks of the Republic of China
• Weapons of mass destruction and the Republic of China - None

History

Main article: History of Taiwan, History of the Republic of China, Timeline of the history of Taiwan, and Current events of Taiwan

Archaeological sites Historical sites History of Kaohsiung History of Taipei Rulers of Taiwan Crises: First Taiwan Strait Crisis Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Third Taiwan Strait Crisis

History by field: Cultural history Economic history Educational history Military history Political history Timeline of diplomatic relations of Taiwan

History by period: Prehistory       50000 BCE – 1540 CE Kingdom of Middag    1540 – 1732 European Taiwan    1624 – 1662 Kingdom of Tungning    1662 – 1683 Qing Taiwan    1683 – 1895 Republic of Taiwan    1895 Japanese Taiwan    1895 – 1945 Post-War Taiwan    1945 – present

Culture

Shilin Night Market, Shilin, Taipei, Taiwan

Taiwan Pride 2005, a gay pride parade on Zhongxiao East Road in Taipei.

Great Buddha statue in Changhua City

Main article: Culture of Taiwan

• Architecture of Taiwan
• Cuisine of Taiwan
• Festivals in Taiwan
• Holidays in Taiwan
  • Public holidays in Taiwan
• Humor in Taiwan
• Languages of Taiwan
  • Taiwanese
• Media in Taiwan
• National symbols of the Republic of China
  • Coat of arms of the Republic of China
  • Flag of the Republic of China
  • National anthem of the Republic of China
• Night markets in Taiwan
• People of Taiwan
  • Ethnic minorities in Taiwan
• Prostitution in Taiwan
• Records of Taiwan
• Religion in Taiwan
  • Buddhism in Taiwan
  • Christianity in Taiwan
  • Hinduism in Taiwan
  • Islam in Taiwan
  • Judaism in Taiwan
  • Sikhism in Taiwan
• Scenic areas in Taiwan
• Taiwan's identity crisis
• Tea culture of Taiwan
• Units of measurement in the Republic of China
• World Heritage Sites in Taiwan: None

Arts

• Art in Taiwan
• Cinema of Taiwan
• Literature of Taiwan
  • Taiwanese literature movement
• Music of Taiwan
• Opera of Taiwan
• Television in Taiwan
  • Taiwanese drama
• Theatre in Taiwan

Sports

Main article: Sports in Taiwan

• Professional baseball in Taiwan - Baseball is the most popular sport in Taiwan.

Economy

Taipei is the Republic of China's capital city and financial center. Taipei 101 was the world's tallest building from 2004 to 2010, but now ranks third.

KwanDu Bridge, Taipei

Main article: Economy of Taiwan

• Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 24th (twenty-fourth)

• Agriculture in Taiwan
• Banking in Taiwan
  • Central Bank of the Republic of China
• Communications in Taiwan
  • Internet in Taiwan
• Companies of Taiwan

• Currency of Taiwan: Dollar
  • ISO 4217: TWD

• Economic history of Taiwan
• Energy in Taiwan
  • Energy policy of Taiwan
  • Nuclear power in Taiwan
  • Oil industry in Taiwan
• Four Asian Tigers
• Health care in Taiwan
• Iron rice bowl
• Mining in Taiwan
• Taiwan Miracle
• Taiwan Stock Exchange
• Tourism in Taiwan
• Transport in Taiwan
  • Airports in Taiwan
  • Highway system in Taiwan
  • Rail transport in Taiwan
    • Taiwan High Speed Rail
    • Taiwan Railway Administration
• Water supply and sanitation in Taiwan

Education

Main article: Education in Taiwan

• Academia Sinica
• History of education in Taiwan
• National Taiwan University

See also

	Taiwan portal
	Asia portal

Main article: Taiwan

• Index of Taiwan-related articles
• List of international rankings
• List of Taiwan-related topics
• Outline of Asia
• Outline of China
• Outline of geography

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Taiwan". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 2, 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tw.html. Retrieved July 23, 2009. 
2. ^ News.bbc.co.uk 2007

External links

Wikimedia Atlas of Taiwan

• Outline of Taiwan travel guide from Wikitravel
• Central Weather Bureau – local weather and earthquake reports
• Satellite view of Taiwan at WikiMapia
• Statistics of Taiwan
• Office of the President
• Control Yuan
• Examination Yuan
• Executive Yuan
• Government Information Office
• Judicial Yuan
• Legislative Yuan
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• National Assembly
• Taipei Economic & Cultural Representative Office in the U.S.
• Taiwan e-Government