Mitchell Caverns

Mitchell Caverns
Mitchell Caverns Walkway.jpg

The Mitchell's Caverns, within the Mitchell Caverns Natural Preserve, are a trio of limestone caves, located on the east side of the Providence Mountains at an elevation of 4300 ft (1311 m), within the Providence Mountains State Recreation Area. They are located in the Mojave Desert, at the north-western end of Essex Road, off of Interstate 40 (Needles Freeway) in San Bernardino County, California.

Contents

Geology

The caverns were created during the Pleistocene epoch, when ground water with a high carbonic acid content ate into the surrounding marble and sedimentary limestone. Stalactites, stalagmites, and other cave formations were formed from calcium carbonate left by dripping mineral water. For many years the caves were thought to be "dead", that is, the formations were no longer growing. However, recent studies have found some signs of life.

History

Numerous paleological and archaeological finds have been made in and around the caverns. Scientists have found the remains of several prehistoric animals, including a sloth. The caverns were a sacred place for the Chemehuevi Indians, and a number of tools and fire pits have been found. The Chemihuevi knew the caves as "the eyes of the mountain" due to their easily spotted dual entrances located near the top of the mountain.

The caverns are named after Jack Mitchell, who owned and operated the caves from 1934 to 1954 as a tourist attraction and rest stop for travellers on neaby U.S. Route 66. Mitchell also held mining rights to the area and dug several prospect holes and tunnels, some of which are still visible.

The area became a state recreation area in 1956. The surrounding lands became a part of the National Park Service Mojave National Preserve in 1994, but the caves are still owned and operated by the state.

Cavern tours

The "Tecopa" (named for a Shoshone Indian chief) and "El Pakiva" (Devil's house) caves are connected by a man-made tunnel and are open to guided tours led by California State Park rangers. The "Winding Stair" cave is considered dangerous and is closed to the public, though it is occasionally used for training cave rescue teams. These caves are the only limestone caves in the California State Park system. Mitchell Caverns tours can be reserved via online reservations information.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=615 . accessed 6/20/2010
  • http://Desertusa.com - Mitchell Caverns article.
  • Robert P. Sharp and Allen F. Glazner, Geology Underfoot in Southern California, Missoula Mont: Mountain Press, 1993.

External links

Coordinates: 34°56′27″N 115°30′52″W / 34.94083°N 115.51444°W / 34.94083; -115.51444


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