alpha-Methyltryptamine

alpha-Methyltryptamine
α-Methyltryptamine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methyl-ethylamine
Clinical data
Pregnancy cat.  ?
Legal status Controlled (S8) (AU) ? (CA) ? (UK) Schedule I (US)
Routes Oral, Insufflation, Rectal, Smoked, IM, IV[1]
Identifiers
CAS number 299-26-3 YesY
ATC code None
PubChem CID 9287
DrugBank DB01446
ChemSpider 8930 YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:59020 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL30713 YesY
Synonyms Indopan; IT-290, IT-403, U-14,164E, 3-IT[1]
Chemical data
Formula C11H14N2 
Mol. mass 174.24 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
 YesY(what is this?)  (verify)

α-Methyltryptamine (αMT, AMT, Indopan), is a psychedelic, stimulant, and entactogen drug of the tryptamine class.[2][3] It was originally developed as an antidepressant by workers at Upjohn in the 1960s.[4]

Contents

History

In the 1990s αMT resurfaced as a drug of recreational use via easy access through the internet, leading to its placement along with 5-MeO-DiPT as schedule I controlled substances in the Controlled Substances Act of the United States on April 4, 2003. αMT is still legal in most of the world.

Chemistry

αMT is tryptamine with a methyl substituent at the alpha carbon. Its chemical relation to tryptamine is analogous to that of amphetamine to phenethylamine, amphetamine being α-methylphenethylamine. αMT is closely related to the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) which partially explains its mechanism of action.

Pharmacology

αMT acts as relatively balanced releasing agent of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine,[5] and as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist.[6] It also acts as a very weak, non-selective and reversible inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO), but this is unlikely to be very significant if at all with typical doses.[citation needed]

Like many other serotonin releasing agents, αMT's analogue αET has been shown to produce long-lasting serotonergic neurotoxicity at very high doses,[7] and the same likely holds true for αMT as well, though no studies have been performed to verify this as of yet. However, based on anecdotal reports, both αMT and αET appear to produce considerably less of a hangover in comparison to MDMA, although this is not necessarily an indication of long-term safety.[8][9]

Despite some experiential similarities, αMT is fairly different chemically from MDMA, and is part of the tryptamine family. It can cause strong distortions, delusions and hallucinations, and many other effects similar to those of LSD, psilocin and MDMA.

Dosage and effects

αMT was used as an antidepressant at doses of 5–10 mg. At these levels it improves mood and produces stimulation. With 20–30 mg, euphoria, empathy, and psychedelic effects become apparent and can last as long as 12 hours. 40+ mg is generally considered a strong dose, and may in rare cases or extreme doses last for 24 hours or more. αMT in freebase form can be smoked, and 2–5 mg is typically used.[1][2]

Side effects

αMT can produce side effects including anxiety, restlessness, muscle tension, jaw tightness, pupil dilation, tachycardia, headaches, nausea, and vomiting, among others.[2][10]

Legality

αMT is a schedule I controlled substance in the United States. It is legal in the United Kingdom, however, and does not fall under the tryptamine clause as its substituent is not on the nitrogen position. See "2001 Misuse of Drugs Act: Schedule 1, Regulation 3"[11] for more information. Similarly, Canada has no mention of this substance in the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.[12]

αMT is reported to be a schedule 8 controlled drug in Australia, though this is unconfirmed.[3] It is known that 5-MeO-αMT is schedule 9 in Australia however.[13]

Deaths

There have been at least two reported deaths due to αMT use. The first was a 21 year old in Alabama,[14] and the second a 22 year old FIU student in Miami.[15] However, further analysis revealed that there was no AMT in the tablet Felicia Staats had taken[16] There are reports of a third death, but there is currently no verifiable media information.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Erowid AMT Vault : FAQ by Dialtonez". http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/amt/amt_faq1.shtml. 
  2. ^ a b c "Erowid Online Books : "TIHKAL" - #48 a-MT". http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal48.shtml. 
  3. ^ a b "Erowid AMT (alpha-methyltryptamine) Vault". http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/amt/amt.shtml. 
  4. ^ US Patent 3296072 - Method of Treating Mental Depression
  5. ^ Nagai F, Nonaka R, Satoh Hisashi Kamimura K (March 2007). "The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain". European Journal of Pharmacology 559 (2-3): 132–7. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.075. PMID 17223101. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0014-2999(06)01381-1. 
  6. ^ Nonaka R, Nagai F, Ogata A, Satoh K (December 2007). "In vitro screening of psychoactive drugs by [(35)SGTPgammaS binding in rat brain membranes"]. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 30 (12): 2328–33. PMID 18057721. http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/bpb/30.2328?from=PubMed. 
  7. ^ Huang XM, Johnson MP, Nichols DE (July 1991). "Reduction in brain serotonin markers by alpha-ethyltryptamine (Monase)". European Journal of Pharmacology 200 (1): 187–90. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(91)90686-K. PMID 1722753. 
  8. ^ "The Big and Dandy AMT Thread (Archived)" (Web). http://www.bluelight.ru/vb/showthread.php?t=270474. 
  9. ^ "The Big and Dandy AMT Thread - New incarnation" (Web). http://www.bluelight.ru/vb/showthread.php?t=344033. 
  10. ^ "Erowid AMT Vault : Effects". http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/amt/amt_effects.shtml. 
  11. ^ 2001 Misuse of Drugs Act
  12. ^ "CSDA". http://isomerdesign.com/Cdsa/schedule.php?structure=C. 
  13. ^ Bay County Death
  14. ^ FIU Student's February Death Linked To AMT - Local News Story - WTVJ | Miami
  15. ^ Local News: Analyzed pill is Ecstasy-meth mix
  16. ^ Erowid AMT Vault : AMT Reported Deaths

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Alpha-Methyltryptamine — drugbox IUPAC name = 2 (1 H indol 3 yl) 1 methyl ethylamine width = 140 CAS number = 299 26 3 ATC prefix = ATC suffix = PubChem = 9287 C=11 | H=14 | N=2 molecular weight = 174.24 g/mol smiles = NC(C)CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2 melting point = melting high …   Wikipedia

  • alpha-Ethyltryptamine — α Ethyltryptamine Systematic (IUPAC) name 1 (1H indol 3 yl)b …   Wikipedia

  • Alpha-Ethyltryptamine — drugbox IUPAC name = 1 (1 H indol 3 yl)butan 2 amine width = 140 width2 = 150 CAS number = 2235 90 7 ATC prefix = ATC suffix = PubChem = 8367 C=12 | H=16 | N=2 molecular weight = 188.27 g/mol smiles = CCC(N)Cc1c [nH] c2ccccc12 melting point = 222 …   Wikipedia

  • Releasing agent — Amphetamine, the prototypical releasing agent, which acts on norepinephrine and dopamine. A releasing agent (RA), or simply releaser, is a drug that induces the release of a neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading… …   Wikipedia

  • 5-MeO-AMT — drugbox IUPAC name = 1 (5 methoxy 1H indol 3 yl)propan 2 amine width = 140 CAS number = 1137 04 8 ATC prefix = ATC suffix = PubChem = 36906 C=12 | H=16 | N=2 | O=1 molecular weight = 204.2712 g/mol smiles = melting point = 216 melting high = 218… …   Wikipedia

  • Designer drug — Not to be confused with Drug design. Designer drug is a term used to describe drugs that are created (or marketed, if they had already existed) to get around existing drug laws, usually by preparing analogs or derivatives of existing drugs by… …   Wikipedia

  • 5-F-AMT — drugbox IUPAC name = 1 (5 fluoro 1H indol 3 yl)propan 2 amine width = 140 CAS number = 712 08 3 ATC prefix = ATC suffix = PubChem = 12834 C=11 | H=13 | F=1 | N=2 molecular weight = 192.233 g/mol smiles = melting point = melting high =… …   Wikipedia

  • Controlled Substances Act — Acronym CSA Enacted by the 91st United States Congress Effective October 27, 1970 Citations Public La …   Wikipedia

  • Recreational drug use — is the use of a drug, usually psychoactive, with the intention of creating or enhancing recreational experience. Such use is controversial, however, often being considered to be also drug abuse, and it is often illegal. Also, it may overlap with… …   Wikipedia

  • AMT — or amt may refer to:*The ICAO code for ATA Airlines *AEMT CC, an EMS certification in New York State *Quantity, in reference to an abbreviation of the word amount *Acid Mothers Temple, a Japanese psychedelic band *Intel Active Management… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”